Verification of submodeling technique in thermomechanical reliability assessment of flip-chip package assembly

In this paper we verified the submodeling technique applied in the thermomechanical reliability assessment of a flip-chip BGA under accelerated thermal cycling test conditions. Since the steady-state creep model was implemented for the solder bump to better represent its realistic mechanical behavior, submodeling procedures developed specifically for path-dependent thermomechanical problems were considered. A detailed global model for the flip-chip BGA was built up to verify submodeling solutions. This model also served as a benchmark to examine solution discrepancies caused by different simplifications of the global model.     

45 GHz self-pulsation with narrow linewidth in quantum dot Fabry-Perot semiconductor lasers at 1.5 /spl mu/m

Self-pulsation at 45 GHz repetition frequency has been demonstrated in 1.5 /spl mu/m monolithic single-section quantum dot Fabry-Perot semiconductor lasers without saturable absorber. The mode-beating exhibits a narrow linewidth below 100 kHz, demonstrating high phase correlation between these modes. Such modelocked lasers open ways to low timing-jitter components for clock recovery or millimetre-wave generation in wireless transmission applications.     

A slotted post-wall waveguide array with interdigital structure for 45/spl deg/ linear and dual polarization

This work proposes a dual-polarized planar antenna; two post-wall slotted waveguide arrays with orthogonal 45/spl deg/ linearly-polarized waves interdigitally share the aperture on a single layer substrate. Uniform excitation of the two-dimensional slot array is confirmed by experiment in the 25 GHz band. The isolation between two slot arrays is also investigated in terms of the relative displacement along the radiation waveguide axis in the interdigital structure. The isolation is 33.0 dB when the relative shift of slot position between the two arrays is -0.5/spl lambda//sub g/, while it is only 12.8 dB when there is no shift. The cross-polarization level in the far field is -25.2 dB for a -0.5/spl lambda//sub g/ shift, which is almost equal to that of the isolated single polarization array. It is degraded down to -9.6 dB when there is no shift.     

A stochastically optimized adaptive procedure for the location of MAS auxiliary monopoles: the case of electromagnetic scattering by dielectric cylinders

A genetically optimized technique that fully automates the potentially laborious allocation of the auxiliary monopoles for the method of auxiliary sources (MAS) is presented for the problem of electromagnetic (EM) scattering by isotropic dielectric cylinders with various cross sections. The proposed technique uses as input information not only the geometry of the scatterer but also the exciting field and the material properties of the cylinders are implicitly taking part in the optimization procedure. The resulting auxiliary surfaces, where the simulating monopoles are situated, are appropriately adapted to the original boundary surface and the MAS modeling is greatly facilitated. In addition, certain considerations are taken into account in order to avoid undesirable numerical dependencies between the fictitious monopoles. Finally, the accuracy of the numerical method combined with overdetermined systems of equations is examined for isotropic cylinders of various geometries and dielectric characteristics.     

A non‐linear and non‐local boundary condition for a diffusion equation in petroleum engineering

This article deals with a boundary value problem for Laplace equation with a non‐linear and non‐local boundary condition. This problem comes from petroleum engineering and is used to obtain an estimation of well productivity. The non‐linear and non‐local boundary condition is written on the well boundary. On the outer reservoir boundaries, we have both Dirichlet and Neumann conditions. In this paper, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution to this problem. The existence is proved by Schauder theorem and the uniqueness is obtained under more restricted conditions, when the involved operator is a contraction. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geometry of an Accelerated Rotating Disk

We analyze the geometry of a rotating disk with a tangential acceleration in the framework of the theory of Special Relativity, using the kinematic linear differential system that verifies the relative position vector of time-like curves in a Fermi reference. A numerical integration of these equations for a generic initial value problem is made up and the results are compared with those obtained in other works.     

Synthesis of molecular imprinted organic-inorganic hybrid polymer binding caffeine

Random copolymers of poly{(methacrylamide)-co-(vinyl trimethoxysilane)} and poly{(methacrylic acid)-co-(vinyl trimethoxysilane)} were synthesized via a free radical polymerization reaction. Acid catalyzed sol-gel process of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) with aforementioned polymers in the presence of methyl xanthine class of alkaloid like caffeine resulted in the formation of highly transparent monoliths. Solvent extraction of the template leaves behind the recognition sites intact with high selectivity towards the print molecule. The ionic and non-specific adsorptions, which are considered to be the main disadvantages of the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP), are prevented to a considerable extent by the end capping of surface silanol groups. The template binding efficiencies of MIP were determined by HPLC analysis.     

Rotational spectra of isotopic species of SO2F2: experimental and ab initio structures

The rotational spectra of ³⁴SO₂F₂ and S¹⁸O¹⁶OF₂ have been measured in their ground vibrational state between 9 and 110 GHz. Accurate rotational constants have been derived. Various experimental structures including the average structure have been determined. The ab initio structure has been calculated at the CCSD(T) level of theory. The different structures are compared and the best equilibrium structure is the ab initio structure: r_e(SO)=1.401 (3) Å, r_e(SF)=1.532 (3) Å, ∠_e(OSO)=124.91(20)°, ∠_e(FSF)=95.53 (20)°.     

Low Cost, High Efficiency, Gain Flattened L Band EDFA Using FBGs as C Band Seed Generators

A low cost, coolerless 980nm diode pumped, gain flattened L band EDFA with fast transient control, high pump efficiency and gain clamping effect was realized by using FBGs as C band seed generators.     

温度对PSⅡCP4 7/D1/D2/Cytb559复合物荧光光谱特性的影响

采用激励光源为514.5 nm的分幅扫描单光子计数荧光光谱装置对经20℃、42℃和48℃不同温度处理后的反应中心复合物CP47/D₁/D₂/Cyt b559的荧光光谱特性进行了研究.经解析,获得不同温度处理后,CP47/D₁/D₂/Cyt b559复合物最大峰值未发生变化,均在682 nm,说明Chla670的能量都由Chla682接收,但损耗愈来愈小,在48℃时,损耗程度最小,而其荧光百分比未发生多大变化.振动副带～700 nm和～740 nm的中心波长都发生蓝移,在不同温度下分别为:20℃ 703 nm,749 nm;42℃ 697 nm,744 nm;48℃ 694 nm,740 nm.因此可以推测温度的升高,影响了CP47/D₁/D₂/Cyt b559色素蛋白的二级结构以及色素分子的空间位置,使最大峰值处的荧光强度逐渐降低,振动副带逐渐蓝移.42℃的温度已造成影响,48℃影响较大.