三方非对称进化博弈行为分析

随着政府涉入领域以及社会合作谈判领域的增多,三方非对称进化博弈越来越多地出现在现实生活中.但目前国内外对该类型的进化博弈研究甚少,这显然不利于正确地解释和预测该类型的博弈行为.基于此,运用进化博弈论中的“复制动态”思想,对三方非对称的2×2×2进化博弈进行了渐进稳定性分析,完整地给出了其定性行为的等价定量分类和各参与主体不同情况下的稳定性策略,并且用三维立体图演示了不同策略组合的渐进趋势,从而为研究现实生活中该类型的博弈行为提供了一种理论依据.     

DFT Study on Intermolecular Cleavage Reaction of N-（2-Hydroxyphenyl）-phthalamic Acid

The reaction mechanisms of intermolecular cleavage reaction of N-（2-hydroxyphenyl）-phthalamic acid were studied via the density functional theory（DFT）. All geometries of the reactant, transition states, and products were optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G（d, p） level. Vibration analysis was carried out to confirm its identity as transitions＇ structure, and the intrinsic reaction coordinate method（IRC） was used to search the minimum energy path. Two possible reaction channels are reported in this article. The calculated results indicate that O-cyclization reaction channel has the lower activation barrier, and therefore, it occurs more easier than the other.     

Synthesis and Mesomorphic Behavior of 3‐Alkyl‐2,5‐ bis[p‐(hexa‐2,4‐dienoyloxy)phenyl]‐Thiophene Derivatives

3‐Alkyl‐2,5‐bis[p‐(hexa‐2,4‐dienoyloxy)phenyl]‐thiophene derivatives were synthesized by using Kumada coupling and Suzuki coupling reactions as key steps. The thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior of these compounds was investigated by optical polarized microscopy, monotropic nematic mesophases were observed in such compounds.     

中空碳双面修饰的隔膜在高性能锂硫电池中的应用

为减少多硫化锂(LIPs)“穿梭效应”及锂枝晶对锂硫电池的影响,采用刮涂法制备中空碳材料修饰隔膜。接触角测试表明修饰隔膜对LIPs具有更强的吸引力,其对LIPs“穿梭”的有效抑制也可以通过渗透性实验进一步得到印证。在隔膜的正极对称电池测试中,电流响应显示中空碳材料的催化使LIPs快速转化为Li₂S。通过隔膜的负极对称电池测试发现修饰隔膜呈现出更稳定的电压-时间曲线。为证明隔膜修饰对锂硫电池性能改进的效果,分别采用聚丙烯(PP)隔膜、单面改性和双面改性的PP隔膜组装成纽扣电池并进行电化学测试,其中电极材料的硫负载量为1.8~2.0 mg·cm^-2。GITT(恒电流间歇滴定法)测试和锂离子扩散系数计算表明,改性隔膜的离子传输更快且阻抗较小。通过分析第1、5、10、50及100次的充放电循环阻抗谱图发现,中空碳材料的多通道能够为锂离子的传输提供更多的通道,因此能够使锂离子具有更加稳定的扩散行为。在电流密度为0.2C时,由双面改性隔膜组装的锂硫电池在首次充放电时有1 035 mAh·g^-1的可逆比容量,700圈后仍有500 mAh·g^-1的高比容量,并在高硫负载时表现出500 mAh·g^-1的可逆比容量。双面修饰隔膜赋予了锂硫电池优异的电化学性能,这是由于中空碳材料的修饰加速了LIPs的转化和吸附,有效缓解了LIPs的穿梭效应,且对锂枝晶有很好的抑制作用,提高了锂硫电池的安全性。     

大环聚硅氧烷分子

聚硅氧烷是一种重要的高分子材料,其优良的物理化学性能使其在化工、冶金、建筑等众多领域具有广泛的应用,由于缺少链端基,环状聚硅氧烷这种特殊的空间结构使其具有尤为特定的性质和应用性能.本文主要简述了环状聚硅氧烷相比一般线形聚硅氧烷所具有的本体、溶液和化学特性.因为聚二甲基硅氧烷是硅氧烷中最主要的一种,所以本文主要对大环聚二甲基硅氧烷的合成方法和基本性质进行了综述,并介绍了大环聚硅氧烷的应用方向,主要是在拓扑嵌入、形成索烃和聚轮烷等方面的应用.     

Electrochemical Performance of LiMn2O4/LiFePO4 Blend Cathodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

A series of LiMn₂O₄/LiFePO₄ blend cathodes was prepared by hand milling and ball milling in order to compensate the disadvantage of spinel LiMn₂O₄ and olivine LiFePO₄. The morphologies of the blends were studied by scanning electron microscopy, and their electrochemical properties were studied by charge-discharge cycling, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is easy to obtain uniform LiMn₂O₄/LiFePO₄ blends by the hand milling technique, while significant particle agglomeration is caused by the ball milling technique. When the LiMn₂O₄:LiFePO₄ mass ratio is 1:1, the nano-sized LiFePO₄ powders not only uniformly cover the micron-sized LiMn₂O₄ particles but also effectively fill in the cavities of the LiMn₂O₄ space. Such morphology offers a good electrical contact and a high tap density, which leads to a high discharge capacity and good cycle stability.     

Formation Enthalpy Calculation of Oxygen Vacancy Defect in Doped Lithium Niobate Crystals

The relationship between temperature and oxygen vacancy concentration is deduced in this paper. Based on the data of thermal weight-loss experiment, the formation enthalpies of congruent and several doped LN crystals have been calculated. It was found that the formation enthalpy of oxygen vacancies can be decreased evidently by doping valence-changeable ions. The experimental results were discussed and a new reduction process of the photorefractive LN crystal at a relatively low temperature was proposed, and the reduced crystals showed a good effect in practical use.     

ADENYLATE CYCLASE-MODULATING MEDIATORS OF INSULIN

Plasma membranes prepared from pig liver incubated with insulin (50—300 μU/ml) resulted in the release of at least two insulin chemical mediators. They appeared to modulate the activity of adenylate cyclase in liver plasma membrances of pig. One of them was fraction 1 of insulin mediator (M. W. about 3700—4000 dalton) which markedly stimulated the activity of the enzyme, the other was fraction 2 of insulin mediator (M. W. about 1000 dalton) which inhibited the enzyme activity. The results showed that the inhibitor of fraction 2 generated was significantly higher than that of fraction 1 when the membranes were incubated with insulin of low concentration (50—100 μU/ml). On the other hand, the generation of stimulator of fraction 1 from plasma membranes incubated with insulin of high concentration (200 μU/ml) was higher than that of fraction 2. So the ratio of yield between two mediators produced from the membranes was dependent on the concentration of insulin added. The results also showed that the     

A Facile Synthesis of Indolizines by 1，3－Dipolar Cycloaddition of Pyridinium and Related Heteroaromatic Ylides with Alkenes in the Presence of TPCD，Py_4Co（HCrO_4）_2

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甲基橙亚硝化极谱法测定亚硝酸根

研究了甲基橙亚硝化产物的极谱波行为 ,提出了亚硝化极谱法测定亚硝酸根的灵敏极谱波新体系。在 0 .6mol/L 盐酸中 ,甲基橙与 NO-2 的亚硝化反应产物在极谱仪上于 - 0 .31 V( vs.SCE)可获得灵敏的极谱波。导数波高与亚硝酸根浓度在 1 .0 9× 1 0 -7～ 1 .0 9× 1 0 -5mol/L范围内成正比 ,检出限为 6.52× 1 0 -8mol/L。研究了极谱波行为及反应机理。并利用该法测定了水样中的亚硝酸根