First-principles study of structural stability and elastic property of pre-perovskite PbTiO3

The structural stability and the elastic properties of a novel structure of lead titanate,which is named preperovskite PbTiO₃ （PP-PTO） and is constructed with TiO₆ octahedral columns arranged in a one-dimensional manner,are investigated by using first-principles calculations.PP-PTO is energetically unstable compared with conventional perovskite phases,however it is mechanically stable.The equilibrium transition pressures for changing from preperovskite to cubic and tetragonal phases are 0.5 GPa and 1.4 GPa,respectively,with first-order characteristics.Further,the differences in elastic properties between pre-perovskite and conventional perovskite phases are discussed for the covalent bonding network,which shows a highly anisotropic character in PP-PTO.This study provides a crucial insight into the structural stabilities of PP-PTO and conventional perovskite.     

Microwave-assisted one-pot three-component polymerization of alkynes,aldehydes and amines toward amino-functionalized optoelectronic polymers

We present a microwave-assisted one-pot polymerization with three-components of alkynes, aldehydes and amines for the synthesis of new amino-functionalized optoelectronic polymers. The polymerization of diynes(1a-1c), dialdehydes(2a and 2b) and dibenzylamine catalyzed by InCl_3 was carried out smoothly within 1h under microwave radiation, yielding four soluble polymers with high molecular weights. The resulting polymers P1 and P2 could be easily dissolved in alcohol and thus utilized as the cathode interlayer for polymer solar cells(PSCs). Compared with the control device, the PSCs with P1 and P2 as the cathode interlayer and PTB7-Th:PC_(71)BM as the photoactive layer exhibited significantly higher power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) of 9.49% and 9.16%, respectively. These results suggest that this polycoupling reaction is an efficient approach to construct three-component polymers for the practical applications.     

A 1-V, 82-dB, 2.5-MS/s,single loop,single bit delta-sigma modulator in 0.13-μm CMOS technology

It is challenging to design high speed Delta-Sigma modulator using sub-micron process with low supply voltage. Compared with multi-stage or multi-bit design, the single loop, single bit Delta-Sigma modulator has relaxed requirement for the building blocks under low-voltage operation, which make it possible to get high conversion rate by increasing sampling frequency. In this study, a low voltage, high speed 4th-order Delta-Sigma modulator using input feed-forward is presented. Implemented with 0.13-μm CMOS technology and 1.0-V supply voltage, the discrete-time Delta-Sigma modulator achieves 2.5-MS/s conversion rate and 82-dB dynamic range, with the sampling frequency of 160-MHz and OSR of 64.     

More Efficient Palladium Catalyst for Hydrogenolysis of Benzyl Groups

Organic halides absorbed without solvent onto sodium phenylsulfinate on alumina (1) gave phenylsulfones (2) under microwave or ultrasound activation.     

Culture,technologies and democracy: A cross-national analysis of political development

Communication technologies have been hailed as having a potential to promote democracy and freedom, and this paper aims to examine these claims in a comparative, international context. Our analysis focuses on the mediating role of horizontal communication networks (i.e., telephone, mobile telephone and the Internet) in the relationship between culture and political development. Using cultural value indicators of the World Values Survey and the measures of communication technology development, this study tests the mediating path from culture to communication technologies and to political development. The results suggest that cultural values have a role in shaping the structural characteristics of horizontal networks such as accessibility and decentralization, and that these features of horizontal networks are positively related to institutional and effective democracy as well as to economic competitiveness of nations.     

基于B样条的TERS形貌成像背景扣除方法

在针尖增强拉曼光谱(TERS)形貌成像过程中，由于针尖与扫描台无法绝对平行、样品电子密度骤变处针尖快速升降以及扫描控制系统响应时间特性差等综合原因的影响，往往使形貌图中带有倾斜或边界面卷曲的成像背景。成像背景对样品形貌的识别和分析带来十分不利的影响，而背景扣除就是解决该问题的重要手段，也是形貌成像预处理的重要组成部分。背景扣除的原理一般是通过拟合背景的方法来扣除成像中的背景。传统的背景扣除方法是利用多项式拟合的方法对成像进行逐行的基线校正，但是该方法在处理形貌成像时常常会由于过拟合而造成样品形貌的失真，同时容易在图片上留下明显的线条纹理。针对传统方法的缺点，本文提出采用B样条曲面拟合方法，直接对样品形貌图进行曲面背景拟合，发挥B样条低阶光滑的优点，能够有效克服传统方法的缺陷。在实验中，同时利用传统方法和该方法对金单晶和合成金片的形貌图进行背景扣除，实验结果表明，两种方法都能够扣除样品形貌图中的成像背景，但与传统方法相比，所提出的方法不会造成样品形貌的失真，且不会留下线条纹理，获得了更加良好的背景扣除效果，为进一步分析样品形貌特征提供了更准确可靠的信息，是一种更加有效的TERS形貌成像背景扣除算法。     

An efficient dynamic multicast traffic-grooming algorithm for WDM networks

With the growth of multi-granularity multicast applications, there comes into being a huge gap between the bandwidth of a wavelength provided and a multicast traffic required in the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. The dynamic multicast traffic-grooming is an effective way for WDM networks to improve the wavelength utilization and decrease the traffic blocking probability. A novel switching node architecture with the multicast switching matrix and traffic-grooming fabric is studied in the paper. Then, an efficient dynamic multicast traffic-grooming algorithm is proposed for the architecture. According to the ratio of network available grooming port number to network transceiver number, the proposed algorithm estimates whether the traffic-grooming port is a scarce resource for input traffic and chooses the appropriate grooming strategy. If the traffic-grooming port is scarce, the minimized use grooming port strategy is designed for the coming traffic. On the contrary, the minimized use node transceiver strategy is applied for the coming traffic. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can groom traffic efficiently with low blocking probability and high network throughput constraint by limiting number of node transceivers and grooming ports.     

Chemoselective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with modified Pd/C catalyst

Selective hydrogenation of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes with modified Pd/C catalyst was developed.The reduction of C=O bond could be efficiently inhibited by the addition of carbonates,and high selectivity to the corresponding saturated aldehydes was achieved under mild conditions.This protocol provides an alternative for efficient preparation of saturated aldehydes.     

On attraction of equilibrium points of fractional-order systems and corresponding asymptotic stability criteria

Nonlinear Dynamics - This paper investigates the problem of the stability analysis for fractional-order nonlinear systems. First, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the system solution by...