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341.
A new phantom is described which simulates the human cardiac anatomy for applications in ultrasound imaging, ultrasound Doppler, and color-flow Doppler imaging. The phantom consists of a polymer left ventricle which includes a prosthetic mitral and aortic valve and is connected to a mock circulatory loop. Aerated tap water serves as a blood simulating fluid and ultrasound contrast medium within the circulatory loop. The left ventricle is housed in a Lexan ultrasound visualization chamber which includes ultrasound viewing ports and acoustic absorbers. A piston pump connected to the visualization chamber by a single port pumps degassed water within the chamber which in turn pumps the left ventricle. Real-time ultrasound images and Doppler studies measure flow patterns through the valves and within the left ventricle. 相似文献
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344.
Hida H. Tsukada Y. Ogawa Y. Toyoshima H. Fujii M. Shibahara K. Kohno M. Nozaki T. 《Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on》1989,36(10):2223-2230
The authors describe a novel design concept for enhancement (E) and depletion (D) mode FET formation using i-AlGaAs/n-GaAs doped-channel hetero-MISFET (DMT) and a novel self-aligned gate process technology for submicrometer-gate DMT-LSIs based on E/D logic gates. 0.5-μm gate E-DMTs (D-DMTs) with a lightly doped drain (LDD) structure show an average V t of 0.18 (-0.46) V, a V t standard deviation of 22.6 (24.9) mV, and a maximum transconductance of 450 (300) mS/mm. The V t shift is less than 50 mV with a decrease in gate length down to 0.5 μm. The gate forward turn-on voltage V f is more than 0.9 V, i.e. about 1.6 times that for MESFETs. This superiority in V f, preserved in the high-temperature range, leads to an improvement in noise margin tolerance by a factor of three. In addition, 31-stage ring oscillators operate with a power consumption of 20 (1.0) mW/gate and a propagation delay of 4.8 (14.5) ps/gate. Circuit simulation based on the experimental data predicts 140 ps/gate and 1 mW/gate for DMT direct-coupled FET logic circuits under standard loading conditions. DMTs and the technology developed here are very attractive for realizing low-power and/or high speed LSIs 相似文献
345.
346.
Simulation can be used to determine the effects of different combinations of in-process and system burn-in times. It is shown that optimal burn-in at each stage of component assembly is not always optimal for the final system. Simulation is used to evaluate a nonrepairable system and provides individual component burn-in times that optimize the mean residual life of the assembled system 相似文献
347.
A. H. Edmiston 《BT Technology Journal》2007,25(1):68-78
Operational risk management is a reflection of the need for enterprises to demonstrate that they are prepared for all eventualities,
through monitoring day-to-day operational risks.
IT is an area that is critical to modern enterprises and consequently carries with it the capacity to cripple those same enterprises
— business disruption as a result of IT failure is a major area of operational risk. Modern IT in many enterprises, especially
large ones such as BT, is distributed and heterogeneous. This presents challenges to collecting and correlating management,
monitoring and audit data in a timely manner. It also highlights the need to take an end-to-end view, with data collected
from a number of sources and presented as an integrated picture of the health of a business solution. In an eBusiness environment,
there is also a need to manage, monitor and audit the IT interfaces with customers, suppliers and partners.
This paper looks at operational risk in an IT context and provides an overview of the contribution made by systems and applications
monitoring to successful operational risk management. This paper has concentrated on using monitoring to address the downside
of risk and reflects a culture in many organisations to eliminate or minimise risk. However, risk has an upside whereby an
enterprise can gain competitive advantage through ‘right setting’ risk tolerance — this advantage can only be gained when
the organisation begins to understand and articulates its risk appetite. Monitoring can contribute significantly to the upside
through supplying the information required to manage and control the risk exposure to perform within the accepted risk appetite,
facilitate risk taking and imbue a better risk culture in the organisation. 相似文献
348.
X-ray, DSC and optical studies of a new class of substances with aromatic rings in the lateral branches are reported. The thermal behaviour of the substances is discussed. The X-ray measurements lead to a structural model of the SA phases consisting of layer structures with intercalating molecules. 相似文献
349.
The loss distributions in silica-based waveguides are successfully measured using a jaggedness-free optical reflectometer (OLCR). The OLCR reduces jagged fluctuations which appear in Rayleigh backscattering measurements undertaken with conventional OLCRs to within ±1 dB by averaging the wavelength-dependent Rayleigh backscatter signals. Constant loss distributions and a step-like loss increase in the waveguides were clearly observed 相似文献
350.
Lullo G. McKee A. McLean C.J. Bryce A.C. Button C. Marsh J.H. 《Electronics letters》1994,30(19):1623-1625
Electroabsorption optical modulators have been fabricated on GaInAs/GaInAsP multiquantum well structures whose bandgap had been increased by laser photoabsorption-induced disordering. Modulation depths of 20 dB have been obtained in material which has been bandgap blue shifted by as much as 120 nm, while samples shifted by 80 nm gave depths as high as 27 dB 相似文献