EEFFL: energy efficient data forwarding for forest fire detection using localization technique in wireless sensor network

Wireless Networks - Early prediction of a forest fire is one of the critical research challenges of the wireless sensor network (WSN) to save our ecosystem. In WSN based forest fire detection...     

GWO‐C: Grey wolf optimizer‐based clustering scheme for WSNs

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a prominent technology that could assist in the fourth industrial revolution. Sensor nodes present in the WSNs are functioned by a battery. It is impossible to recharge or replace the battery, hence energy is the most important resource of WSNs. Many techniques have been devised and used over the years to conserve this scarce resource of WSNs. Clustering has turned out to be one of the most efficient methods for this purpose. This paper intends to propose an efficient technique for election of cluster heads in WSNs to increase the network lifespan. For the achievement of this task, grey wolf optimizer (GWO) has been employed. In this paper, the general GWO has been modified to cater to the specific purpose of cluster head selection in WSNs. The objective function for the proposed formulation considers average intra‐cluster distance, sink distance, residual energy, and CH balancing factor. The simulations are carried out in diverse conditions. On comparison of the proposed protocol, ie, GWO‐C protocol with some well‐known clustering protocols, the obtained results prove that the proposed protocol outperforms with respect to the consumption of the energy, throughput, and the lifespan of the network. The proposed protocol forms energy‐efficient and scalable clusters.     

Highly dispersed clay-polyolefin nanocomposites free of compatibilizers, via the in situ polymerization of alpha-olefins by clay-supported catalysts

In situ polymerization by certain transition metal catalysts supported on and activated by acid-treated montmorillonite produces well-dispersed clay-polyolefin nanocomposites, without requiring either organic surfactants to be present in the clay phase or modification of the polyolefin structure.     

Standard Quantum Teleportation and Controlled Quantum Teleportation of an Arbitrary N-Qubit Information State

We explicitly present precise and simple protocols for standard quantum teleportation and controlled quantum teleportation of an arbitrary N-qubit information state and analyse the case of perfect teleportation using general quantum channels and measurement bases. We find condition on resource quantum channel and Bell states for achieving perfect quantum teleportation. We also find the unitary transformation required to be done by Bob for perfect quantum teleportation and discuss the connection with others related works. We also discuss how perfect controlled quantum teleportation demands a correct choice of the measurement basis of additional party.     

A new entry to polycyclic indole derivatives via intramolecular imino Diels-Alder reaction: observation of unexpected reaction

A new, efficient, and highly diastereoselective synthesis of polycyclic indole derivatives through intramolecular imino Diels-Alder reaction of aminoanthraquinone with N-prenylated indole-2-carboxaldehydes in the presence of 20 mol % of triphenylphosphonium perchlorate (TPPP) is reported with extremely high cis selectivity in good yield.     

Effect of illumination on the space charge limited current in organic bulk heterojunction diodes

Current–voltage (J–V) characteristics of organic bulk heterojunction diodes based on an interpenetrating network of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C₆₁-butyric acid methyl esters (PCBM) have been studied in the dark and under halogen lamp illumination. The diodes contained 1:1 and 1:0.6 weight ratios of P3HT and PCBM. For both diodes the currents measured in dark (J _d , commonly known as the dark current) in forward bias are found to agree with the space charge limited current (SCLC). The illuminated current consists of a current due to applied voltage (J _da ) and the light generated current (J _L ). J _da  extracted from the illuminated current agrees well with Shockley’s diffusion and recombination current. This observation shows that illumination changes the SCLC into Shockley’s diffusion and recombination current. The forward current under illumination has been observed to be greater than the dark current, which is contrary to the photo–voltaic (PV) theory. This result is well explained by the change of SCLC into Shockley’s diffusion and recombination current. Former address of S.C. Jain: IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.     

Scheduling sensor activity for information coverage of discrete targets in sensor networks

In this paper, we study the problem of scheduling sensor activity to cover a set of targets with known locations such that all targets can be monitored all the time and the network can operate as long as possible. A solution to this scheduling problem is to partition all sensors into some sensor covers such that each cover can monitor all targets and the covers are activated sequentially. In this paper, we propose to provide information coverage instead of the conventional sensing disk coverage for target. The notion of information coverage is based on estimation theory to exploit the collaborative nature of geographically distributed sensors. Due to the use of information coverage, a target that is not within the sensing disk of any single sensor can still be considered to be monitored (information covered) by the cooperation of more than one sensor. This change of the problem settings complicates the solutions compared to that by using a disk coverage model. We first define the target information coverage (TIC) problem and prove its NP‐completeness. We then propose a heuristic to approximately solve our problem. Simulation results show that our heuristic is better than an existing algorithm and is close to the upper bound when only the sensing disk coverage model is used. Furthermore, simulation results also show that the network lifetime can be significantly improved by using the notion of information coverage compared with that by using the conventional definition of sensing disk coverage. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A one-pot synthetic approach to the functionalized isomeric ellipticine derivatives through an imino Diels-Alder reaction

An efficient, three component, one-pot synthesis of new isomeric ellipticine derivatives prepared through an imino Diels-Alder reaction of 3-aminocarbazoles and substituted benzaldehydes with electron-rich alkenes such as 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, 2,3- dihydrofuran and ethyl vinyl ether catalyzed by InCl₃ (10 mol %) in ionic liquid is reported. In the case of substituted benzaldehydes, reductive amination is observed.     

On the planes of Suetake

The Suetake planes and the simple full non-square André planes are shown to be exactly those finite translation planes that are coupled with a semifield plane. Also, the Suetake planes are never generalized André planes.     

Anticancer and anti-inflammatory sulfur-containing semisynthetic derivatives of sarcophine

Sarcophine (1), a cembranoid diterpene is known to inhibit the process of tumorigenesis. Sarcophine can be isolated in large amounts from the Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum and hence is an ideal target for semisynthetic or biocatalytic modifications. Hydroxylated derivatives of 1 were reported to improve its anticancer activity. Despite the promising results and ready availability, there are limited attempts towards further diversifying the library of sarcophine derivatives. Hence, the current study targets the epoxide ring to generate sulfur-containing derivatives of sarcophine by reacting it with ammonium thiocyanate and Lawesson's reagent. Structure elucidation of the products was based on extensive 1D and 2D NMR and high resolution mass spectrometry, in addition to mechanistic considerations. The effect of these derivatives on highly malignant +SA mammary epithialial cell proliferation is reported. Anti-inflammatory potential of sarcophine and its derivatives is also demonstrated.