Pyridylethylation of some heterocyclic thioamides and potential mercaptans

2-Pyridylethylation of benzazothiones-2 which are potential mercapto compounds (benzothiazolethione-2, benzoxazolethione-2, 1-methylbenzoimidazolethione-2, benzoimidazolethione-2, 5, 6-dimethylbenzoimidazolethione-2), is described, as well as preparation of 5, 6-dimethylbenzoimidazolethione-2 by direct oxidation of 5, 6-dimethylbenzoimidazole.     

Researches on benzodiazines

2-R-Quinazolones have been synthesized (R=Me, Ph,-pyridyl,-furyl), and subsequently the 4-chlorides and the corresponding 2-R-4-hydrazinoquinazolines were obtained. By the reaction of orthoformic ester and nitric acid on the hydrazines, 5-R- [3, 4-c]-s-triazoloquinazolines and 5-R- [1, 5-c] tetrazoloquinazolines were prepared, respectively. The compounds in which R=Me differ considerably from compounds with other groups, both in color and stability of intermediate reaction products. 5-R- [1, 5-c] tetrazoloquinazolines are hydrolyzed by HCl into quinazol-4-ones.For Part IV see [1].     

Synthesis of derivatives of 1, 2, 4-triazole-3, 5-dicarboxylic acid

By oxidation of 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazole the monopotassium salt of 1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid was obtained. The mononitryl of 1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid was isolated during the reaction between 3-diazo-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylic acid and potassium cyanide in the presence of copper cyanide. Acid hydrolysis of 3-cyano-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylic acid leads to the formation of 3-carbamido-5-carboxy-1,2,4-trlazole, which on esterification with methanol gives rise to 3-carbamido-5-carbomethoxy-1,2,4-triazole.     

Mechanism of Hydrolysis of 1,1,1-Trisubstituted Hyposilatranes and Hypogermatranes

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry - According to DFT calculations, hydrolysis of 1,1,1-trisubstituted hyposilatranes and hypogermatranes proceed in one stage and have lower activation energies...     

Principles,methodologies, and applications of photon activation analysis: a review

This review describes the basic principles of photon activation analysis (PAA) and gives an extensive overview of its numerous applications. Uses of PAA for environmental, biological, geological, archeological, and forensic samples are reviewed. Both scientific and industrial applications of PAA are covered. Potential future uses of PAA are addressed.     

Analysis of the Stakeholder Engagement in the Deployment of Renewables and Smart Grid Technologies

The implementation of higher shares of renewables in a global energy mix has to be accompanied by simultaneous deployment of enabling smart grid technologies (SGTs). This combination will inevitably lead to a revolutionary change in a conventional energy system, particularly, the shifting role of consumers to prosumers. But resistance may arise from such a dramatic shift, since it is associated with high uncertainty in conjunction with increasing responsibilities of all stakeholders, the urgent need of effective control, and the development of a process. To ensure the positive influence, coherent actions of all players, and appropriate treatment of the spots of resistance, the analysis of the interplay between key stakeholders has been done. The paper introduces the framework for stakeholders' analysis, applies it on the European Union (EU) example, and provides recommendations to reduce the resistance of SGTs deployment.     

Gold bearing ore assays using 197Au(γ,n)196Au photonuclear reaction

We performed computational and experimental studies of the feasibility of the gold bearing ore assay utilizing the ¹⁹⁷Au(γ,n)¹⁹⁶Au photonuclear reaction. Gold bearing silicate samples were irradiated using bremsstrahlung produced by an electron accelerator with endpoint energies ranging from 25 to 40 MeV. ¹⁹⁶Au yield simulations were benchmarked and experimental results were in good agreement with the predictions. Optimum electron beam energy for photon activation analysis was found to be around 32 MeV which corresponded to a detection limit of 80 ppb. Two-hour gamma-spectroscopy measurements were repeated every 24 h and the optimum sample cooling time was found to be about 100–160 h.     

Saturation kinetics and relative reactivity of the double bonds of alicyclic dienes in their hydrogenation

The kinetics of the liquid-phase hydrogenation of cyclodienes with various structures (endo-tricyclo[ 5.2.1.0^2,6]decadiene-3,8 and cis,cis-1,5-cyclooctadiene) by hydrogen over a finely dispersed 1%Pd/C catalyst at atmospheric pressure has been studied. The catalyst provides the possibility for successive saturation of the double bonds of the dienes. The reactivities of the cyclodienes determined by their electron-donating properties have been compared. The solvent nature is the determining factor in the ratio of hydrogen absorption rates in the case of successive saturation of the double bonds of the hydrocarbons. The hydrogenation kinetics of cyclic dienes, including dicyclopentadiene, can be modeled using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood equation when the process is carried out in a perfectly mixed flow reactor.