MiniMax: What has been learned thus far

Summary A small experiment, ?MiniMax?, has been set up in the C0 intersection region of the Fermilab Tevatron to seek evidence for disoriented chiral condensates and to study other forward physics phenomena. The experiment consists of a proportional wire chamber telescope accompanied by scintillation (trigger) counters, a lead converter, and followed by an electromagnetic calorimeter. The solid angle accepted is a cone centered at pseudorapidity (η) of 4.1 and of radius (in η-ϕ space) of about 0.6. Over 2.5 million events thus far have demonstrated the successful operation of the apparatus, however to date the analysis has not progressed sufficiently to permit any conclusions concerning disoriented chiral condensates. presented byL. W. Jones Paper presented at the Special Session on very high-energy cosmic-ray interactions (superfamilies) of the XXIV International Cosmic-Ray Conference, Rome, August 28–September 8, 1995.     

An overview of CDMA evolution toward wideband CDMA

Third-generation mobile radio networks, often dubbed as 3G, have been under intense research and discussion recently and will emerge around the year 2000. In the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), third generation networks are called International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000), and in Europe, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). IMT-2000 will provide a multitude of services, especially multimedia and high-bit-rate packet data. Wideband code division multiple access (CDMA) has emerged as the mainstream air interface solution for the third-generation networks. In Europe, Japan, Korea, and the United States, wideband CDMA systems are currently being standarized. This article provides a comprehensive introduction to wideband CDMA. It also provides a review of the wideband CDMA air interface proposals including WCDMA in Europe and Japan, cdma2000 in the United States, and wideband CDMA in Korea.     

First direct visualization of spillover species emitted from pt nanoparticles

We studied the methanol adsorption behavior of Pt nanoparticles that were vacuum-deposited on a TiO(2)(110) surface at room temperature by using an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscope (STM). A large number of bright spots were observed on fivefold-coordinated Ti (Ti(5c)) rows of the TiO(2)(110) surface after exposure of the Pt/TiO(2)(110) to methanol vapor. We assigned the bright spots to methoxy species. These were mobile and were found to hop along the Ti(5c) rows. In situ time-resolved STM observations of the formation and migration of the bright spots on the Pt/TiO(2)(110) were carried out in the presence of methanol. The bright spots were produced at the periphery of the Pt nanoparticles and migrated to the substrate Ti(5c) rows. We discuss the spillover process and behavior of the methoxy species on the Pt/TiO(2)(110).     

Synthesis and thermal behavior of Janus dendrimers,part 2

The thermal properties of twelve Janus-type dendrimers up to the second generation were evaluated by termogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Compounds consist of the dendritic bisMPA based polyester moieties, and either 3,4-bis-dodecyloxybenzoic acid, 3,5-bis-dodecyloxybenzoic acid or 3,4,5-tris-dodecyloxybenzoic acid moieties, attached to opposite sides of the pentaerythritol core. The thermal stability of the compounds was evaluated by TGA, displaying onset decomposition temperatures (T_d) at around 250 °C. DSC measurements upon heating and cooling confirmed that OH terminated Janus dendrimers featuring large polarity difference in opposite sides display liquid crystalline phases with exception of 3,5-type G1 dendrimer; while acetonide terminated dendrimers displayed merely melting transitions. Dendrimers having terminal alkyl chains at positions 3,4 or 3,4,5 in aromatic moieties exhibited enantiotropic mesophases. However, the thermal behavior of the dendrimers with 3,5-substitution pattern was different: the 3,5-type G1 dendrimer exhibit a lack of mesomorphic transition, and in the case of the 3,5-type G2 dendrimer, the mesophase was absent in the first heating scan but was observed during the subsequent cooling and heating scans at the rate of 10 °C/min.     

Boundary Harnack Principle for <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-harmonic Functions in Smooth Euclidean Domains

We establish a scale-invariant version of the boundary Harnack principle for p-harmonic functions in Euclidean C ^1,1-domains and obtain estimates for the decay rates of positive p-harmonic functions vanishing on a segment of the boundary in terms of the distance to the boundary. We use these estimates to study the behavior of conformal Martin kernel functions and positive p-superharmonic functions near the boundary of the domain. H. A. was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for (B) (2) (No. 15340046) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. N. S. was partially supported by NSF grant DMS-0355027. X. Z. was partially supported by the Taft foundation.     

Application of enriched stable 196Hg isotope for monitoring the stability of total mercury in water samples

A novel tool for the investigation of stability of total mercury in water samples is presented. The study focuses on the application of enriched ¹⁹⁶Hg stable isotopic reagent for the stability studies. Natural abundance of ¹⁹⁶Hg in water samples is only 0.15%. Thus, the use of the ¹⁹⁶Hg isotope spike represents a major advantage, when it can be assumed that all the measured isotope is the same as is accurately added by the analyst, and the change in its mass concentration can be followed simply and reliably. Tests were carried out with industrial waste water and two type of the natural water. Cold vapour (CV) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) technique was applied for the mercury measurements. Monitoring was continued for approximately 100 days. It is commonly advised that the measurement for total mercury in water samples should be carried out within 14 days. In this study the samples were observed to be stable for more than three months, if they were stored at a temperature of 4–6°C. The results of this stability study were in line with the guidance presented in EPA standard 1631. However, the samples were noticed to be stable for a much longer time than is presented in the standard method ISO 17852.     

Heat Transport in Unsaturated Zone Thermal Energy Storage – Analysis with Two-Phase and Single-Phase Models

We analyze a field experiment where ambient air is injected into the soil during the summer and extracted again during the winter. A multiphase model accounting for the conductive transport as well as the convective transport with the moving liquid and gas phases is used along with a more simplified single-phase model where the convective transport is due to the gas alone. The latter model also accounts for subzero wintertime temperatures. The multiphase model captures well both the seasonal variations and the actual test sequence, the main calibration being in the adjustment of medium permeabilities based on the observed pressure responses. The effect of the injection pump on the temperature and humidity of the injection air needs to be known accurately. Taking into account the humidity of the injection air explicitly instead of using humidity-corrected enthalpy values also has an effect. The effect of various humidity and specific enthalpy assumptions is of the order of 1–1.5°C, while ignoring the wintertime subzero temperatures has an effect of 1–2°C. These differences are of the same order of magnitude as the heterogeneity-introduced differences in field data. Using the simplified single-phase model typically appears to cause a difference of 1–2°C, but can yield an even higher deviation of the order of 3–4°C.