Vector algorithm for Reed-Muller expansions

A novel vector algorithm for Reed-Muller (RM) expansions is proposed which can save as many as a factor of 2^n-1 memory elements compared with previous matrix algorithms     

Vibrational control of crystal growth from liquid phase

Modeling and numerical simulations of the convective flows induced by the vibration of the monocrystal during crystal growth have been performed for two configurations simulating the Cz and FZ methods. This permitted to emphasize the role of different vibrational mechanisms in the formation of the average flows. It is shown that an appropriate combination of these mechanisms can be used to counteract the usual convective flows (buoyancy- and/or thermocapillary-driven) inherent to crystal growth processes from the liquid phase. While vibrational convection is rather complex due to these identified mechanisms, the new modeling used in the present paper opens up very promising perspectives to efficiently control heat and mass transfer during real industrial applications of crystal growth from the liquid phase.     

Photolithographic packaging with selectively occupied repeatedtransfer (PL-Pack with SORT) for scalable film optical linkmultichip-module (S-FOLM)

"Photolithographic packaging (PL-pack) with selectively occupied repeated transfer (SORT)" is proposed for optoelectronic microsystem integration. PL-pack with SORT integrates different types of thin-film device pieces into one substrate with desired configurations using an all-photolithographic process. A process design example is presented for a scalable film optical link multichip-module (S-FOLM). A preliminary estimation reveals that PL-Pack with SORT will achieve III-V epitaxial material saving of <1/100 and module cost reduction of <1/10, compared with flip-chip-bonding-based packaging. The result indicates that the process will save on cost and resources simultaneously. A critical issue is how to simplify the procedure for distributing thin-film device pieces onto a substrate. SORT is found to reduce the distribution step count typically by factor of <1/10-1/10000 compared with the conventional one-by-one method. PL-pack with SORT will be extended to the 3R process (reduce, reuse, recycle), which is generally applied to a variety of device/module fabrications     

Interdiffusion behavior of Hg in HgTe/CdTe superlattices grown on Cd0.96Zn0.04 Te (211)B substrates by molecular beam epitaxy

Double-crystal x-ray rocking curve (DCRC) and secondary-ion mass-spectroscopy (SIMS) measurements have been performed to investigate the effect of rapid thermal annealing on the interdiffusion behavior of Hg in HgTe/CdTe superlattices grown on Cd_0.96Zn_0.04Te (211)B substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The sharp satellite peaks of the DCRC measurements on a 100-period HgTe/CdTe (100Å/100Å) superlattice show a periodic arrangement of the superlattice with high-quality interfaces. The negative direction of the entropy change obtained from the diffusion coefficients as a function of the reciprocal of the temperature after RTA indicates that the Hg diffusion for the annealed HgTe/CdTe superlattice is caused by an interstitial mechanism. The Cd and the Hg concentration profiles near the annealed HgTe/CdTe superlattice interfaces, as measured by SIMS, show a nonlinear behavior for Hg, originating from the interstitial diffusion mechanism of the Hg composition. These results indicate that a nonlinear interdiffusion behavior is dominant for HgTe/CdTe superlattices annealed at 190°C and that the rectangular shape of HgTe/CdTe superlattices may change to a parabolic shape because of the intermixing of Hg and Cd due to the thermal treatment.     

Buffering packetised data: an examination of the crossover effect

Buffer analysis has traditionally relied heavily on the use of traffic models with short range (exponentially decaying) autocorrelation, e.g. Poisson and Markov modulated Poisson processes. Recent literature has suggested the presence of traffic with slowly (hyperbolically) decaying autocorrelation functions; these sources collectively and individually seem to be exhibiting the phenomenon of long range dependence (LRD). Furthermore, it has been claimed that this sort of traffic may exhibit behaviour, when buffered, that is advantageous in that a smaller buffer may be required than would be the case with non-LRD traffic. This phenomenon has been named the crossover effect, and the authors quantify its relevance to ATM networking, using simulation studies of a homogenous mix of chaotic sources. These show that there is a crossover effect, but the key finding is that this effect is much nearer to a buffer length of zero than was predicted by previous theoretical studies, actually occurring at a value so low that it has no practical significance     

Far-infrared pump-probe measurement of the lifetime of the 2p−1 shallow donor level in n-GaAs

The low temperature lifetime of electrons excited in the 2p^?1 donor level of n-GaAs has been studied in a far-infrared pump-probe experiment. The measurement has been carried out using a pulsed far-infrared molecular gas laser working at a wavelength of 292µm, with the sample in a magnetic field of 5.1 T, resonant with the 1s_o?2p^?1 transition. Two FIR pulses are sliced from one FIR-laser pulse by means of optical switching techniques using two Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers. The first pulse is used to saturate the transition, while the second pulse probes the return of the population in the excited state towards thermal equilibrium as a function of the time delay after the excitation pulse. The value of 350±50 ns found for the lifetime falls in line with CW saturation results on materials with other doping concentrations.     

The tone sense multiaccess protocols with partial collisiondetections (TSMA/PCD) for packet satellite communications

The tone sense multiaccess with partial collision detection (TSMA/PCD) protocol is particularly suitable for a packet satellite system serving an area with a dense population of earth stations. By incorporating a narrowband ground radio channel for broadcasting busy ones, the earth stations are able to avoid packet collisions by sensing for the absence of busy tones before transmitting packets. Partial collision detection capability can also be achieved. Single-tone TSMA/PCD gives 97% of the carrier-sense multiaccess with collision detection (CSMA/CD) throughput when N=10 tones are used, while for multitone and slot-by-slot announcement TSMA/PCD protocols only N=8 and N=2, respectively, are sufficient to drive the system to the CSMA/CD performance     

Superconductivity and magnetism in niobium doped YBa2Cu3O7 Related high Tc ceramics

Magnetic characterization has been performed on the members of the cuprateniobate RBa₂Cu₂NbO₈ (R = Pr, Nd, and La) series and R_1.5Ce_0.5Sr₂Cu₂NbO₁₀ (R = Pr, Eu, Nd, and Sm) series. The PrBCNO samples show a signature in the magnetization of a magnetic ordering at 12K. The PrCSCNO sample is nonsuperconducting and shows two distinct orderings at 17K and 53K. No such magnetic phase transition is observed down to 2K in the Nd and La based RBCNO materials or the Nd, Sm, and Eu based RCSCNO materials. Measurements of the lower critical field curve, dc irreversibility line, and critical curent densities are reported for each of the superconducting NdCSCNO, SmCSCNO, and EuCSCNO compounds.     

Kinetics of benzonitrile nitration with mixed acid under homogeneous conditions

Chemical kinetics of benzonitrile nitration with mixed acid is investigated in the temperature range 283–299 K. Pseudo-first-order rate constants are evaluated by means of rate experiments on homogeneous reacting mixtures having large stoichiometric excesses of nitric acid. The second-order kinetic constants for nitronium ion attack to the aromatic substrate are derived on the basis of the assessed nitration mechanism. An activation energy of 604 ± 37 kJ mol^?1 is calculated for this reaction step. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The detection of the onset of electrode-electrolyte interfaceimpedance nonlinearity: a theoretical study

The equivalent series resistance and reactance of the electrode-electrolyte interface impedance have both been used to detect the onset of signal amplitude induced nonlinearity. Using a theoretical model, it is shown that the choice of the most sensitive indicator depends on the phase angle of the “polarization” impedance and on the applied frequency