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851.
In this paper we study linear codes that are obtained by annexing some vectors to the basis vectors of a Reed-Muller code of order r. 相似文献
852.
Su Liang Xiaomei Bian Jing Ma Motolani Arogunjo Amit A. Deorukhkar Sunil Krishnan Huan Xie 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2013,27(1):58-66
γ‐Tocotrienol has attracted much attention owing to its multiple health benefits. This study developed and validated a simple, specific, sensitive and reliable LC/MS/MS method to analyze γ‐tocotrienol in rat plasma. Plasma samples (50 μL) were extracted with internal standard solution (25 ng/mL of itraconazole) in acetonitrile (200 μL) with an average recovery of 44.7% and an average matrix effect of ?2.9%. The separation of γ‐tocotrienol and internal standard from the plasma components was achieved with a Waters XTerra® MS C18 column with acetonitrile–water as mobile phase. Analysis was performed under positive ionization electrospray mass spectrometer via the multiple reaction monitoring. The standard curve was linear over a concentration range of 10–1000 ng/mL with correlation coefficient values >0.997. The method was validated with intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy (relative error) ranging from 1.79 to 9.17% and from 2.16 to 9.66%, respectively, and precision (coefficient of variation) ranged from 1.94 to 9.25% and from 2.37 to 10.08%, respectively. Short‐term stability, freeze–thaw stability and the processed sample stability tests were performed. This method was further applied to analyze γ‐tocotrienol plasma concentrations in rats at various time points after administration of a 2 mg/kg single intravenous dose, and a pharmacokinetic profile was successfully obtained. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
853.
Corresponding to every group problem is a row module. Duality for group problems is developed using the duality or orthogonality
of the corresponding row modules. The row module corresponding to a group problem is shown to include Gomory's fractional
cuts for the group polyhedron and all the vertices of the polyhedron of the blocking group problem. The polyhedra corresponding
to a pair of blocking group problems are shown to have a blocking nature i.e. the vertices of one include some of the facets
of the other and mutatis mutandis. The entire development is constructive. The notions of contraction, deletion, expansion
and extension are defined constructively and related to homomorphic liftings and suproblems in a dual setting. Roughly speaking
a homomorphic lifting is dual to forming a subproblem. A proof of the Gastou-Johnson generalization of Gomory's homomorphic
lifting theorem is given, and dual constructions are discussed. A generalization of Gomory's subadditive characterization
to subproblems is given. In the binary case, it is closely related to the work of Seymour on cones arising from binary matroids. 相似文献
854.
[reaction: see text] An approach toward the 2-oxadecalin spiroketal core of fusidilactone C via a rare ketal-tethered intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition is described here. This intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition is highly endo-selective and overall depended upon the nature of solvents and Lewis acids. We also observed some remarkable rate acceleration in MeOH. 相似文献
855.
856.
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), otherwise termed 'endotoxins', are outer-membrane constituents of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides play a key role in the pathogenesis of 'Septic Shock', a major cause of mortality in the critically ill patient. Therapeutic options aimed at limiting downstream systemic inflammatory processes by targeting lipopolysaccharide do not exist at the present time. We have defined the pharmacophore necessary for small molecules to specifically bind and neutralize LPS, and have shown using animal models of sepsis that the sequestration of circulatory LPS by small molecules is a therapeutically viable strategy. Assays reported previously in the literature do not lend themselves well to the rapid screening of large numbers of structurally diverse compounds. In this report, we describe a highly sensitive and robust fluorescent displacement assay using BODIPY TR cadaverine (BC), which binds specifically to the toxic center of LPS, lipid A, and is competitively displaced by compounds displaying an affinity for lipid A. The assay clearly discriminates subtle differences in the binding of polymyxin B, and its nonapeptide derivative, with LPS. The spectral properties of the BODIPY fluorophore are ideally suited for screening diverse structural classes of compounds, including those with conjugated aromatic groups, or with chromophores in the 260-500 nm range. The fluorescent probe: LPS complex is stable under physiologically relevant salt concentrations, resulting in the rapid rejection of spurious binders interacting via non-specific electrostatic interactions, and, therefore, in greatly improved dispersion of ED(50)values. 相似文献
857.
β-D-Galactosidase fromE. Coli was crosslinked using glutaraldehyde and two bisimidoesters. With glutaraldehyde and dimethyl adipimidate (DMA), it is possible
to obtain preparations having higher activity than the native enzyme. Glutaraldehyde and DMA gave preparations showing enhanced
thermal stability. The preparation crosslinked with DMA, when used for continuous hydrolysis of lactose in milk, was found
to be significantly better than the native enzyme. 相似文献
858.
Sunil Jai Kumar Peter Ostapczuk H. Emons 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1997,359(2):171-175
A comparison between two commonly used sample digestion procedures was performed for the determination of total chromium in
biological matrices. Ten reference materials (terrestrial and marine matrices) have been digested in HNO3, HNO3 + HClO4 and HNO3 + HF, respectively, under pressure in quartz vessels of a high pressure asher (HPA) or in PTFE bombs with external heating.
Much lower chromium values than expected were obtained in most of the reference materials by using quartz vessels with nitric
acid because of adsorption of chromium at quartz surfaces. Determinations after sample digestion in PTFE vessels with external
heating showed expected results, except in some reference materials which precipitated more silica. An improvement of the
results was observed by using a mixture of nitric acid and perchloric acid, but only the combination of nitric acid and a
small amount of HF provided the desired results in all the reference materials studied.
Received: 29 January 1997 / Revised: 20 May 1997 / Accepted: 22 May 1997 相似文献
859.
Sunil K. Roy 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1972,9(6):1313-1323
Estratrieno[3,2-b]-1,4-oxazin-3′-one (V) and estratrieno[3,4-b]-1,4-oxazin-3′-one (VI) have been converted to the corresponding amidines. The tautomerism of the thiones and the amidines are discussed. 相似文献
860.
The present study is to examine the photo‐stabilization effect of an antioxidant on the photo‐oxidation of ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM)–clay nanocomposites. During the preparation of EPDM–clay nanocomposites via melt processing antioxidants are usually incorporated along with clay, which allows phenolic antioxidant molecules to get adsorbed onto acidic clay platelets and their interaction with metallic impurities reduces the stabilizing efficiency of the antioxidant. The nanocomposites were obtained by solution dispersion followed by melt compounding of EPDM and organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT). The samples were characterized by conventional tools such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found, upon photo‐irradiation (λ > 290 nm) studies by following the changes in functional groups and surface morphology, that photo‐degradation was lowered by the antioxidant and the efficiency of the antioxidant could be improved by initial incorporation of antioxidant in the EPDM matrix. In EPDM–clay nanocomposites, a stabilizing activity of the antioxidant was observed above some threshold concentration of the antioxidant. The relationship between the nanoclay reinforcement and stabilizing efficiency in terms of photo‐oxidation and surface morphology for their applicability are discussed. The methodology adopted for this study is also justified through our observation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献