Coverage dependence of glycine adsorption on the Ge(100) − 2 × 1 surface

A combination of infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory has been used to investigate the adsorption behavior of glycine at the Ge(100) ? 2 × 1 surface under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Comparison of experimental and simulated IR spectra indicates that at 310 K, glycine adsorbs on Ge(100) ? 2 × 1 via O–H dissociation, with some fraction of the products also forming an N dative bond to a neighboring germanium atom. O–Ge dative bonding is not observed. As coverage increases, the surface concentration of the monodentate O–H dissociated adduct increases, while that of the N dative-bonded species appears constant. XPS data support and clarify the IR findings and reveal new insights, including the presence at higher coverage of a minor product that has undergone dual O–H and N–H dissociation. These findings are supported by the calculated energy diagrams, which indicate that the reaction of a glycine molecule on the Ge(100) ? 2 × 1 surface via O–H dissociation and interdimer N dative bonding is both kinetically and thermodynamically favorable and that N–H dissociation of this adduct is feasible at room temperature given incomplete thermal accommodation along the reaction pathway.     

Application of a broadband blue laser diode to trace NO2 detection using off-beam quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy

We applied for the first time, to our knowledge, broadband off-beam quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (BB-OB-QEPAS) to trace NO2 detection using a broadband blue laser diode centered at 450?nm. A detection limit of 18?ppbv (parts in 10(9) by volume) for NO2 in N2 at atmospheric pressure was achieved with an average laser power of 7?mW at a 1?s integration time, which corresponds to a 1?σ normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 4.1×10(-9) cm(-1)?W=Hz(1=2). An Allan variance analysis was performed to investigate the long-term stability of the BB-OB-QEPAS-based NO2 sensor.     

Phase singularity of surface plasmon polaritons generated by optical vortices

We demonstrate an experimental result that shows the phase singularity of surface plasmon waves generated by the direct transform of optical vortices at normal incidence focused on a structureless metal surface. The near-field two-dimensional intensity distribution near the focal plane is experimentally examined by using near-field scanning optical microscopy and shows a good agreement with the finite-difference time-domain simulation result. The experimental realization demonstrates a potential of the proposed excitation scheme to be reconfigured locally with advantages over structures milled into optically thick metallic films for plasmonics applications involving plasmonic vortices.     

Self-consistent treatment of spin and magnetization dynamic effect in spin transfer switching

The effect of itinerant spin moment (m) dynamic in spin transfer switching has been ignored in most previous theoretical studies of the magnetization (M) dynamics. Thus in this paper, we proposed a more refined micromagnetic model of spin transfer switching that takes into account in a self-consistent manner of the coupled m and M dynamics. The numerical results obtained from this model further shed insight on the switching profiles of m and M, both of which show particular sensitivity to parameters such as the anisotropy field, the spin torque field, and the initial deviation between m and M.     

A model for simulation of crowd behaviour in the evacuation from a smoke-filled compartment

The modelling of crowd evacuation from a building has been studied over the past decades. In this study, a numerical model based on cellular automaton is proposed to simulate the human behaviour termed “flow with the stream” in emergency evacuation from a large smoke-filled compartment. In the model, the smoke effect in the context of visibility is considered since visibility range can affect the human behaviour significantly. To simulate the reality that the smoke concentration in a fire compartment is not constant, the proposed model is developed to deal with the scenario in which the visibility range varies in the course of time. An empirical formula is incorporated into the proposed model to estimate the visibility range. The results of numerical tests show that the proposed model can also be used to investigate the effect of the number of guiders through case study.     

自然的改进型节点电压方程

通过对节点导纳矩阵的进一步分析,得出节点电压方程一种新的形式,用节点电压方程能够直观地从电路图直接绘制出信号流图而不需列写KCL,KVL和器件方程.类似的,通过圈阻抗矩阵的分析,也得到了新形式的圈电流方程.     

On the numerical radius of Lipschitz operators in Banach spaces

We study the numerical radius of Lipschitz operators on Banach spaces via the Lipschitz numerical index, which is an analogue of the numerical index in Banach space theory. We give a characterization of the numerical radius and obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for Banach spaces to have Lipschitz numerical index 1. As an application, we show that real lush spaces and C  -rich subspaces have Lipschitz numerical index 1. Moreover, using the Gâteaux differentiability of Lipschitz operators, we characterize the Lipschitz numerical index of separable Banach spaces with the RNP. Finally, we prove that the Lipschitz numerical index has the stability properties for the _c0$c_0$-, _l1$l_1$-, and _l∞$l_{\infty }$-sums of spaces and vector-valued function spaces. From this, we show that the C(K)$C(K)$ spaces, _L1(μ)$L_1(\mu )$-spaces and _L∞(ν)$L_{\infty }(\nu )$-spaces have Lipschitz numerical index 1.     

一个求留数方法的注记

对解析函数f（z）＝p（z）/q（z）,当z=a分别是p（z）和q（z）的m级零点和n级零点,且0≤m＜n时,特别地n＝m＋2时,讨论了求f（z）在极点z=a处留数的方法并举例说明其应用.     

塑化剂迁移量测定和迁移模型研究进展

综述国内外塑化剂迁移量测定和迁移模型研究进展,从创新实验测定方法和实验误差分析的角度简要评述了迁移量测定的研究成果;从数学模型的角度对微分方程模型、统计模型和计算机模拟3类重要迁移模型进行评述。最后指出,测定实验和迁移模型相结合来研究塑化剂迁移问题是未来一个值得重视的方法。     

A Note on Large Rainbow Matchings in Edge-coloured Graphs

A rainbow subgraph in an edge-coloured graph is a subgraph such that its edges have distinct colours. The minimum colour degree of a graph is the smallest number of distinct colours on the edges incident with a vertex over all vertices. Kostochka, Pfender, and Yancey showed that every edge-coloured graph on n vertices with minimum colour degree at least k contains a rainbow matching of size at least k, provided ${n\geq \frac{17}{4}k^2}$ . In this paper, we show that n ≥ 4k ? 4 is sufficient for k ≥ 4.