The generalized uncertainty principle in (A)dS space and the modification of Hawking temperature from the minimal length

Recently, the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle has been extended to incorporate the existence of a large (cut-off) length scale in de Sitter or anti-de Sitter space, and the Hawking temperatures of the Schwarzshild–(anti) de Sitter black holes have been reproduced by using the extended uncertainty principle. I generalize the extended uncertainty to the case with an absolute minimum length and compute its modification to the Hawking temperature. I obtain a general trend that the generalized uncertainty principle due to the absolute minimum length “always” increases the Hawking temperature, implying “faster” decay, which is in conformity with the result in the asymptotically flat space. I also revisit the black hole-string phase transition, in the context of the generalized uncertainty principle.     

Gate layout and bonding pad structure of a RF n-MOSFET for low noise performance

Several 0.35 /spl mu/m n-MOSFETs with different gate geometry were analyzed to maximize the RF performance, after that the pads were shielded to ground to reduce the noise contribution of pads. The F/sub min/ of 0.5 dB was improved by utilizing the ground-shielded pads, and the F/sub min/ of 0.2 dB was improved by using the double-sided gate contact type. The n-MOSFET having the single-sided gate contact and ground-shielded pad showed the F/sub min/ of 0.46 dB and 0.37 dB at 2 GHz with the drain current of 2.0 mA and 5.3 mA, respectively. Furthermore, the weak frequency dependency of the F/sub min/ showed a great possibility of a low noise amplifier above 5 GHz.     

Study of Internal Linear Inductively Coupled Plasma Source for Ultra Large-Scale Flat Panel Display Processing

An internal-type linear inductive antenna, which is referred to as “double comb-type antenna”, was used as a large-area inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source with a substrate area of 2,300 mm × 2,000 mm. The characteristics of the ICP source were investigated for potential applications to flat panel display (FPD) processing. The source showed higher power transfer efficiency at higher RF power and higher operating pressures. The power transfer efficiency was approximately 88.1% at 9 kW of RF power and a pressure of 20 mTorr Ar. This source showed increasing plasma density and improved plasma uniformity with increasing RF power at a given operating pressure. A plasma density >1.5 × 10¹¹/cm³ and a plasma uniformity of approximately 11% was obtained at 9 kW of RF power and 15 mTor Ar using this internal ICP source, which is applicable to FPD processing.     

Green‐Function Calculations of Coherent Electron Transport in a Gated Si Nanowire

We describe a detailed numerical scheme to calculate electron transport in quantum wires using the Green function formalism combined with tight‐binding orbital basis. As an example of the application, we study the electron transport in a Si nanowire containing a finite potential barrier. The effects of nonzero bias, temperature, and disorder on the barrier‐induced oscillatory conductance are investigated within the context of coherent transport model. The oscillatory behavior of the conductance as a function of the Fermi energy is found to be highly sensitive to sample disorder and limited to a very low temperature and a small bias range.     

Boundary Stabilization of Hyperbolic Hemivariational Inequalities

In this paper, we prove the existence of weak solutions and investigate uniform decay rates of global weak solutions for a hyperbolic hemivariational inequalitiy of dynamic elasticity. This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) (KRF-2007-355-C00002).     

PCB-compatible optical interconnection using 45/spl deg/-ended connection rods and via-holed waveguides

In this paper, a new architecture for a chip-to-chip optical interconnection system is demonstrated that can be applied in a waveguide-embedded optical printed circuit board (PCB). The experiment used 45/spl deg/-ended optical connection rods as a medium to guide light paths perpendicularly between vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), or photodiodes (PDs) and a waveguide. A polymer film of multimode waveguides with cores of 100/spl times/65 /spl mu/m was sandwiched between conventional PCBs. Via holes were made with a diameter of about 140 /spl mu/m by CO/sub 2/-laser drilling through the PCB and the waveguide. Optical connection rods were made of a multimode silica fiber ribbon segment with a core diameter of 62.5 and 100 /spl mu/m. One end of the fiber segment was cut 45/spl deg/ and the other end 90/spl deg/ by a mechanical polishing method. These fiber rods were inserted into the via holes formed in the PCB, adjusting the insertion depth to locate the 45/spl deg/ end of rods near the waveguide cores. From this interconnection system, a total coupling efficiency of about -8 dB was achieved between VCSELs and PDs through connection rods and a 2.5 Gb/s /spl times/ 12-ch data link demonstrated through waveguides with a channel pitch of 250 /spl mu/m in the optical PCB.     

Analysis of the reservoir effect on electromigration reliability

The reservoir effect on electromigration reliability is analyzed using the normalized vacancy concentration distribution in the reservoir region of multi-level Al–0.5%Cu interconnect structure. With the assumption of steady state for the vacancy concentration and the fact that no current flow conducts in the reservoir region during electromigration test, a simple equation for calculation of the vacancy concentration is induced. Then direct calculation of the equation is carried out utilizing the hydrostatic stress distribution computed from finite element method to estimate the probability of initial void formation in the reservoir region. Finally, three multi-level Al–0.5%Cu interconnect structures with different reservoir lengths are constructed and electromigration lifetime for the structures is measured to clarify these computational results. From the results of this study, we conclude that the normalized vacancy concentration under the assumption of steady state can be regarded as a quantitative parameter to analyze the reservoir effect on electromigration reliability.     

Feature-based block matching algorithm using integral projections

A fast block matching algorithm using integral projections for the estimation of motion vectors is proposed. In the calculation of the cost function, the proposed algorithm using integral projections as features can reduce the motion estimation computations by a factor of 3 by converting the operations of two-dimensional arrays into those of one-dimensional arrays. Also, the proposed method is not sensitive to additive noise. Simulation results based on the sequence of original image and the sequences of noisy image with different standard deviation are presented.<>