加强物理实验改革培养学生创新能力

本文阐述了物理实验在培养创新能力方面的重要作用,针对物理实验存在的问题提出了改革措施,从而达到培养学生创新能力的目的。     

酶提取-单颗粒电感耦合等离子质谱法分析樱桃番茄纳米银颗粒及其吸收规律研究

为探究复合保鲜涂膜中AgNPs的迁移情况,采用酶提取的前处理方式,结合单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱（SP-ICP-MS）,考察了前处理方式、驻留时间、校准方式以及Ag+浓度等条件对AgNPs准确测定的影响。结果表明：0.1 g樱桃番茄样品在柠檬酸盐体系下使用0.2 g的R-10离析酶可达到消解最适酶剂量;当驻留时间小于100 μs时,测定结果有较好的积分条件以及较高的信背比;采用AgNP尺寸方式进行校准比单独用Ag+标准溶液校准方式的颗粒尺寸测定结果更加准确。采用该方法测定樱桃番茄中加标AgNPs颗粒回收率达到88.9%,粒径实测值为47.8±0.3 nm,粒径检出限为13 nm,颗粒浓度检出限为 7.5×104 particles/L。通过将樱桃番茄暴露于AgNPs涂膜中来探究AgNPs迁移行为,复合保鲜涂膜后的樱桃番茄通过三次洗涤后能够在表面去除大部分AgNPs,但仍有少量AgNPs穿过果表皮浸入果肉组织。该方法灵敏度高,操作简单,能够为揭示AgNPs在农产品及农业生产中的风险提供可靠、准确的表征方法。     

Analysis and simulation of QSP beamformer

The real Direction Of Arrival (DOA) varies with time in mobile communication system. In such situation, the performance of conventional beamformers will be degraded obviously. Quantum Signal Processing (QSP) beamformer is insensitive to DOA errors, thus it can achieve stable output performance in such circumstance. This letter verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the QSP beamformer by simulation results.     

Sb掺杂SnO2修饰双电层电容活性炭电极的研究

应用sol-gel浸渍与热处理工艺相结合,在活性炭表面包覆Sb掺杂的SnO2薄膜对电极进行修饰,构成AC-SnO2/KOH/AC-SnO2双电层电容器,测试结果表明,400 mA/g电流密度条件下,修饰后的双电层电容器在0.001～1.5 V相对较高电压区间的放电容量,比AC/KOH/AC双电层电容器在0.001～1.0 V电压区间高36%,但AC-SnO2的单电极比电容仅为AC单电极比电容的91.9%;当电流密度大于400 mA/g,两种电极的大电流性能相当。     

Sizes,Components, Crystalline Structure,and Thermal Properties of Starches from Sweet Potato Varieties Originating from Different Countries

Sweet potato is a root tuber crop and an important starch source. There are hundreds of sweet potato varieties planted widely in the world. Starches from varieties with different genotype types and originating from different countries have not been compared for their physicochemical properties. In the research, starches from 44 sweet potato varieties originating from 15 countries but planted in the same growing conditions were investigated for their physicochemical properties to reveal the similarities and differences in varieties. The results showed that the 44 starches had granule size (D[4,3]) from 8.01 to 15.30 μm. Starches had different iodine absorption properties with OD680 from 0.259 to 0.382 and OD620/550 from 1.142 to 1.237. The 44 starches had apparent amylose content from 19.2% to 29.2% and true amylose content from 14.2% to 20.2%. The starches exhibited A-, C_A-, C_C-, or C_B-type X-ray diffraction patterns. The thermograms of 44 starches exhibited one-, two-, or three-peak curves, leading to a significantly different gelatinization temperature range from 13.1 to 29.2 °C. The significantly different starch properties divide the 44 sweet potato varieties into different groups due to their different genotype backgrounds. The research offers references for the utilization of sweet potato germplasm.     

A method of beam combination of high- power incoherent fiber laser

Diffraction efficiency of grating plays an important role in output power of incoherent fiber laser beam combination. Through theoretic analysis and numerical simulations it has been proved that the diffraction efficiency would increase with the decrease of grating frequency and wavelength bandwidth. On the condition that the width of a fiber array is fixed at W=10 cm, an optimum grating frequency were numerically simulated as f=230 mm-1. Also an unequal interval method was proposed to improve the system efficiency of diffraction into 0.4293, which is higher than 0.3824 under the equal interval condition.     

Click polymerization: The aurora of polymer synthetic methodology

As an emerged efficient polymerization methodology, the click polymerization plays a significant role in the area of polymer and materials sciences. Similar to the click reaction, the click polymerization enjoys the advantages of high efficiency, mild reaction conditions, and high regio- and stereo-selectivity etc. In this highlight, we summarize the recent progress on click polymerizations, with focus on the alkyne-based ones. The challenges and opportunities in this area are also briefly discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 616–621     

A novel azide-free asymmetric synthesis of oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) starting from Roche’s epoxide

A novel azide-free asymmetric synthesis of oseltamivir phosphate 1 (Tamiflu®) starting from Roche’s epoxide is described. Roche epoxide 2 was converted into N-acetyl aminoalcohol 3 in 95% yield via a BF₃·OEt₂-catalyzed epoxide-opening with acetonitrile as a nucleophile. Compound 3 was then transformed into a methanesulfonate 4 in 98% yield. Compound 4 was converted into aziridine 5 in 91% yield. Aziridine 5 was subsequently converted into oseltamivir phosphate 1 via two paths (a and b). In the path a, compound 5 underwent aziridine-opening with diallylamine as a nucleophile to afford compound 7 in 93% yield; compound 7 could then be converted into oseltamivir phosphate 1 in 88% yield. In path b, compound 5 underwent aziridine-opening with isopropyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetimidate as a nucleophile to afford compound 8 in 94% yield, which was then converted into oseltamivir phosphate 1 in 82% yield.