In-plane and out-of-plane ferroelectric instabilities in epitaxial SrTiO3 films

The in-plane and out-of-plane ferroelectric instabilities in compressed (100)-epitaxial SrTiO3 films were examined by infrared reflection spectroscopy. The strongly stiffened in-plane soft mode frequency softened very slowly on cooling. On the other hand, the silent mode appeared at around 150 K, indicating an out-of-plane ferroelectric transition. This behavior points to a split of in-plane and out-of-plane ferroelectric instability temperatures due to the lowered symmetry of the SrTiO3 lattice caused by mechanical misfit strain. Infrared spectroscopy provides a possibility to detect such an effect in the strained epitaxial ferroelectric films.     

Aids to the Delivery of Ambulatory Medical Care

A large fraction of medical care is delivered in ambulatory settings. It is a hypothesis of this program that a significant fraction of physician-patient encounters can be safely managed by paramedics with no past medical experience and with a minimum of training (about four weeks), operating under well-defined guidance protocols. The paramedic using the protocols can either substitute for the physician on any given visit, or can perform a substantial prephysician workup, thus saving physician time and enhancing the thoroughness of the patient evaluation.     

Constitutional Isomerization Enables Bright NIR‐II AIEgen for Brain‐Inflammation Imaging

The shortage of high quantum yield (QY) organic fluorophores in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) has become a bottleneck in bioimaging field. Now, a simple strategy is proposed to address this: constitutional isomerization on the basis of the molecular design philosophy of aggregation‐induced emission. With the combination of backbone distortion and rotor twisting, the resultant NIR‐II fluorophore 2TT‐oC6B displays an emission peak at 1030 nm and a QY of 11% in nanoparticles, one of the highest reported so far. Control molecules confirm that the distorted backbone and twisted rotors play equally important roles in determining the fluorescence properties of the NIR‐II fluorophores. To allow for the targeting ability to reach deeply located diseases, neutrophils (NEs) are used to penetrate the brain tissues and accumulate in the inflammation site. Herein, it is shown that NEs carrying 2TT‐oC6B nanoparticles can penetrate the blood‐brain‐barrier and visualize the deeply located inflammation through an intact scalp and skull. Notably, the bright 2TT‐oC6B contributes to a significantly enhanced signal‐to‐background ratio of 30.6 in the brain inflammation site.     

Zum Nachweis gewisser Zuckerarten

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Bestimmung der Hexabromidzahl, insbesondere des Lein?ls

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Influence of radiative processes on the ignition of deuterium–tritium plasma containing inactive impurities

The degree of influence of radiative processes on the ignition of deuterium–tritium (DT) plasma has been theoretically studied as dependent on the content of inactive impurities in plasma. The analytic criterion of plasma ignition in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets is modified taking into account the absorption of intrinsic radiation from plasma in the ignition region. The influence of radiative processes on the DT plasma ignition has been analytically and numerically studied for plasma that contains a significant fraction of inactive impurities either as a result of DT fuel mixing with ICF target ablator material or as a result of using light metal DT-hydrides as solid noncryogenic fuel. It has been shown that the effect of the absorption of intrinsic radiation leads to lower impurity-induced increase in the ignition energy as compared to that calculated in the approximation of optically transparent ignition region.     

Transient and steady-state analysis of a manufacturing system with setup changes

This paper deals with the optimal scheduling of a one-machine two-product manufacturing system with setup, operating in a continuous time dynamic environment. The machine is reliable. A known constant setup time is incurred when switching over from a part to the other. Each part has specified constant processing time and constant demand rate, as well as an infinite supply of raw material. The problem is formulated as a production flow control problem. The objective is to minimize the sum of the backlog and inventory costs incurred over a finite planning horizon. The global optimal solution, expressed as an optimal feedback control law, provides the optimal production rate and setup switching epochs as a function of the state of the system (backlog and inventory levels). For the steady-state, the optimal cyclic schedule (Limit Cycle) is determined. This is equivalent to solving a one-machine two-product Lot Scheduling Problem. To solve the transient case, the system's state space is partitioned into mutually exclusive regions such that with each region is associated an optimal control policy. A novel algorithm (Direction Sweeping Algorithm) is developed to obtain the optimal state trajectory (optimal policy that minimizes the sum of inventory and backlog costs) for this last case.