A general electron donor–acceptor complex for photoactivation of arenes via thianthrenation

General photoactivation of electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes between arylsulfonium salts and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane with visible light or natural sunlight was discovered. This practical and efficient mode enables the production of aryl radicals under mild conditions, providing an unrealized opportunity for two-step para-selective C–H functionalization of complex arenes. The novel mode for generating aryl radicals via an EDA complex was well supported by UV-vis absorbance measurements, nuclear magnetic resonance titration experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The method was applied to the regio- and stereo-selective arylation of various N-heterocycles under mild conditions, yielding an assembly of challengingly linked heteroaryl–(hetero)aryl products. Remarkably, the meaningful couplings of bioactive molecules with structurally complex drugs or agricultural pharmaceuticals were achieved to display favorable in vitro antitumor activities, which will be of great value in academia or industry.

General photoactivation of EDA complexes between arylsulfonium salts and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane was discovered. This practical mode enables the generation of aryl radicals for C–H functionalization of arenes.     

Vanadium-Substituted Dawson-Type Polyoxometalate–TiO2 Nanowire Composite Film as Advanced Cathode Material for Bifunctional Electrochromic Energy-Storage Devices

Polyoxometalates (POMs) demonstrate potential for application in the development of integrated smart energy devices based on bifunctional electrochromic (EC) optical modulation and electrochemical energy storage. Herein, a nanocomposite thin film composed of a vanadium-substituted Dawson-type POM, i.e., K₇[P₂W₁₇VO₆₂]·18H₂O, and TiO₂ nanowires were constructed via the combination of hydrothermal and layer-by-layer self-assembly methods. Through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy characterisations, it was found that the TiO₂ nanowire substrate acts as a skeleton to adsorb POM nanoparticles, thereby avoiding the aggregation or stacking of POM particles. The unique three-dimensional core−shell structures of these nanocomposites with high specific surface areas increases the number of active sites during the reaction process and shortens the ion diffusion pathway, thereby improving the electrochemical activities and electrical conductivities. Compared with pure POM thin films, the composite films showed improved EC properties with a significant optical contrast (38.32% at 580 nm), a short response time (1.65 and 1.64 s for colouring and bleaching, respectively), an excellent colouration efficiency (116.5 cm² C⁻¹), and satisfactory energy-storage properties (volumetric capacitance = 297.1 F cm⁻³ at 0.2 mA cm⁻²). Finally, a solid-state electrochromic energy-storage (EES) device was fabricated using the composite film as the cathode. After charging, the constructed device was able to light up a single light-emitting diode for 20 s. These results highlight the promising features of POM-based EES devices and demonstrate their potential for use in a wide range of applications, such as smart windows, military camouflage, sensors, and intelligent systems.     

基于虚拟仪器的自动测试系统研究

随着自动测试设备由台式仪器向模块化仪器方向的发展,自动测试系统正在从专用型向通用型方向转变,但是仪器互换性和测试程序的可移植性问题限制了它的发展.近年来,虚拟仪器在自动测试中的应用越来越广泛,运用虚拟仪器可以共享硬件和软件资源,并且方便、快速的组建各种自动测试系统.本文描述了自动测试系统的基本概念,系统构成,工作原理;分析了自动测试系统的发展趋势和国内外的研究现状,虚拟仪器的发展概况以及虚拟仪器对自动测试系统的影响,故障诊断与故障定位;并且着重介绍了基于虚拟仪器的自动测试系统软硬件的构成,及其它们的工作原理,测试工作等,叙述了自动测试系统的功能自检测.     

Interfacial Adhesion between Fatty Acid Collectors and Hydrophilic Surfaces: Implications for Low-Rank Coal Flotation

Fatty acids, which are enriched in vegetable oil, have attracted much attention in low-rank coal flotation because of their unique chemical structure. In this study, density functional theory calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and atomic force microscopy were employed to investigate the adsorption structure and forces between collectors and hydrophilic surfaces. The results show that fatty acids can be easily adsorbed onto surfaces through hydrogen bonds, and can cover the oxygen sites. The existence of hydration film on hydrophilic surfaces prevented nonpolar molecules from being able to adsorb, while polar fatty acids could adsorb and expel water molecules. The adhesion force between the RCOOH-terminated probe and the surface appeared in the retraction process, which differed significantly from that of the RCH₃-terminated probe, indicating that polar fatty acids are more suitable as flotation collectors for low-rank coal than nonpolar hydrocarbon oil. The simulation and AFM test revealed the mechanisms of polar fatty acids, and can provide guidance for low-rank coal flotation applications.     

低能量激光照射对S180腹水瘤小鼠外周血免疫细胞数量影响的研究

本试验系统地研究了低能量氮氦光照射对S180腹水瘤小鼠外周血免疫细胞数量的影响。应用7.33、11.00、14.67、22.00和29.33j/cm^2五种照射剂量，对接种S180纤维肉瘤细胞的BALB/c小鼠做内眼角照射，连续照射6天。在接种肿瘤细胞后第4、8和第12d，分别对5只小鼠进行断尾采血，对外周血细胞进行分类计数。结果表明：接种肿瘤后第4天，所有低能激光照射组白细胞、淋巴细胞、中性幼稚细胞数量均出现显著升高，其中尤以29.33j/cm^2组最为明显；但此后该组淋巴细胞及中性幼稚细胞数量开始明显下降，而7.33-22.00j/cm^2组则持续上升至12天时才出现下降趋势。相对而言，29.33j/cm^2组与肿瘤对照组变化具有相似性，其核右移出现的时间较早，程度也最为严重，而其它四个LELI组则较为轻微。     

太阳能半导体空调制冷装置模块化实验研究

建立了以水为热交换媒介的太阳能热电模块制冷实验系统.系统配置了双位能量存储装置,用以储存昼夜温差能和太阳光电转换电能,以备无日照或日照不足时系统能够连续工作.热电制冷装置模块化,用以适应制冷功率变化较大的空间制冷,并在制冷启动与温度维持不同阶段实现较大功率的切入或撤出.制冷模块以半导体热电元件为核心,冷热端均以导热性能良好的紫铜作为热交换材料,以热容量较大的水作为冷却液和散热循环液.热交换装置采取集合散热冷却分流的集散一体化热交换系统.对制冷模块制冷性能进行了实验分析,并对制冷效果进行了模拟实验,实验结果基本达到了设计的预期.     

浅述数据库的现状与未来

本文介绍了当前数据库技术的发展现状和流行的主流数据库,对数据库发展的新技术和未来的发展趋势也作了浅述.     

MEMS微型热管研究进展

MEMS微型热管作为一种新型的热管技术,在微电子、光电池、红外探测头和激光二极管等的热控制方面具有很大的应用前景。首先,介绍了MEMS微型热管的特点和基本工作原理,简单回顾了其发展历程。然后,从MEMS微型热管的加工制作方法、通道尺寸和总体结构特点出发,指出了其优势所在。在此基础上,综述了近年来微型槽道热管、微型毛细泵回路、微型回路热管和微型振荡热管等不同类型MEMS微型热管的研究进展。最后,总结了MEMS微型热管的发展趋势和实际应用所面临的挑战,指出降低制作成本、优化工质充注封装工艺、改进测试手段和加强运行机理研究是今后工作的重点。     

基于智能电网的装表接电技术研究

装表接电的质量将直接影响到用电企业的经济效益,并影响到电力配网系统的安全性和可靠性.本文对智能电网的装表接电技术展开了分析探讨.     

基于PLC的空压机冗余控制系统设计

虽然空压机一般都自带控制系统,但是当多台空压机并网运行时,则需要额外的控制器做协调.本文设计了以嵌入式触摸屏上位机和PLC为核心建立起来的7台空压机PLC冗余联控系统,从控制系统结构设计方面进行了详细的分析和论证;论述了空压机的自动联控运行的PLC程序设计方法和控制流程;实现了PLC的电源冗余、CPU冗余、总线冗余及与上位机的工业以太网冗余和I/O模块的热拔插.与传统空压机控制系统相比,有效降低了成本,并提高了系统的可靠性.