Synthesis and thermal behavior of gem-dinitro valerylated polystyrene

Commercial polystyrene has been chemically modified with 4,4-dinitro valeryl chloride by use of Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride in a mixture of 1,2-dichloroethane and nitrobenzene. The modified polystyrene containing –COCH₂CH₂C(NO₂)₂CH₃ fragments in side phenyl rings, named gem-dinitro valerylated polystyrene (GDN-PS), was characterized by an Ubbelohde’s viscometer, FTIR, and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Simultaneous thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) have been used to study thermal behavior of the polymer. The results of TG analysis revealed that the main thermal degradation for the GDN-PS occurs during two temperature ranges of 200–300 and 300–430 °C. The DTA curve of GDN-PS is showing a visible exothermic peak at 253.8 °C corresponding to the decomposition of gem-dinitro valeryl groups. The decomposition kinetic of the gem-dinitro groups for GDN-PS with degree of substitution (DS) 11 % was studied by non-isothermal DSC under various heating rates. Kinetic parameters such as activation energy and frequency factor for thermal decomposition of GDN-PS with DS 11 % were evaluated via the ASTM E698 and two isoconversional methods.     

核化学与放射化学的研究进展

在我国核能快速发展的新形势下,新型核能资源的开发、乏燃料后处理、放射性废物处理与处置等核燃料循环化学研究日益活跃。随着科学技术的不断发展,离子加速器、反应堆、各种类型的探测器和分析设备、以及计算机技术等的发展,核化学与放射化学研究的范围和成果在不断扩展和增加,如核安全、环境放射化学、放射分析化学、放射性药物与标记化合物等,研究成果对于国防建设、核能发展、核技术应用等方面具有重要支撑作用。本文综述了近年来国内在上述领域所取得的研究进展。共引用参考文献161篇。     

Facile Fabrication of Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanotubes and Their Catalytic Activity

A facile impregnation method under mild condition is designed for synthesis of highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles with a narrow size of 4-7 nm on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes （CNx）. CNx do not need any pre-surface modification due to the inherent chemical activity. The structure and nature of Pt/CNx were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy spectrum. All the experimental results revealed that the large amount of doped nitrogen atoms in CNx was virtually effective for capturing the Pt（IV） ions. The improved surface nitrogen functionalities and hydrophilicity contributed to the good dispersion and immobi- lization of Pt nanoparticles on the CNx surface. The Pt/CNx served as active and reusable catalysts in the hydrogenation of allyl alcohol. This could be attributed to high dispersion of Pt nanoparticles and stronger interaction between Pt and the supports, which prevented the Pt nanoparticles from aggregating into less active Pt black and from leaching as well.     

A hierarchical porous carbon membrane from polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylpyrrolidone blending membranes:Preparation,characterization and electrochemical capacitive performance

Novel hierarchical porous carbon membranes were fabricated through a simple carbonization procedure of well-defined blending polymer membrane precursors containing the source of carbon polyacrylonitrile （PAN） and an additive of polyvinylpyrrolidone （PVP）, which was prepared using phase inversion method. The as-fabricated materials were further used as the active electrode materials for supercapacitors. The effects of PVP concentration in the casting solution on structure feature and electrochemical capacitive performance of the as-prepared carbon membranes were also studied in detail. As the electrode material for supercapacitor, a high specific capacitance of 278.0 F/g could be attained at a current of 5 mA/cm2 and about 92.90% capacity retention could be maintained after 2000 charge/discharge cycles in 2 mol/L KOH solution with a PVP concentration of 0.3 wt% in the casting solution. The facile hierarchical pore structure preparation method and the good electrochemical capacitive performance make the prepared carbon membrane particularly promising for use in supercapacitor.     

惰气熔融-热导法测定钕铁硼永磁材料中的氢

建立惰气熔融-热导法测定钕铁硼永磁材料中氢的分析方法。当氧-氢比例大于50:1时,CO对氢的测定结果产生一定的干扰,加入舒茨试剂可消除此干扰。采用标准坩埚,称样0.05g,熔融功率为2.85 kW,选择高纯镍篮和锡片做助熔剂,钕铁硼中氢释放完全。以普通钢铁参考物质建立氢校准曲线,线性相关系数r～2=0.9999,检出限为0.75μg/g。该法用于钕铁硼样品中氢的测定,测定结果与脉冲熔融飞行时间质谱-气体元素分析仪测定结果基本一致,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.4%(n=5)。该方法可以准确测定钕铁硼永磁材料中的氢,能满足日常分析的要求。     

异长春花苷内酰胺的光化学降解

报道了异长春花苷内酰胺在水溶液中经自然光照射后, 发生光氧化反应, 主要降解产物为(3S)-短小蛇根草苷. 采用通入氧气和日光灯照射的方法可加速异长春花苷内酰胺光降解, (3S)-短小蛇根草苷的产率为56%.     

纳米金-还原氧化石墨烯修饰葡萄糖氧化酶传感器的制备及其电流法检测饮料中的葡萄糖

利用纳米金(Au NPs)与还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)复合纳米材料制备了葡萄糖氧化酶生物传感器并用于饮料中葡萄糖含量的检测。将壳聚糖作为还原剂及稳定剂,通过一步法合成了Au NPs-rGO复合材料,并通过物理吸附固定葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)来制作GOx生物传感器。该传感器在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(0.1 mol/L,p H6.0)中,-0.45 V(vs.Ag/Ag Cl)电位下电流法检测葡萄糖含量,线性检测范围为0.01~0.88 mmol/L,灵敏度为22.54μA·mmol-1·L·cm-2,检出限为1.01μmol/L,且表观米氏常数为0.497 mmol/L。该传感器用于多种饮料中葡萄糖含量的直接检测,结果满意。     

紫外光离子源-高场不对称波形离子迁移谱检测环境中挥发性有机物

本研究采用紫外光离子源-高场不对称波形离子迁移谱(UV-FAIMS)快速检测环境中挥发性有机物.选取苯和对二甲苯为研究对象,并分析了分离电压、流速等因素对其分离识别的影响.实验结果表明:当分离电压值为0～1200 V时,苯和对二甲苯信号强度逐渐降低,而特征补偿电压值却逐渐增加.实验选取分离电压值为900 V,当载气流速为0～240 L/h时,苯和对二甲苯的特征离子峰信号强度逐渐增加,当载气流速为0～120 L/h时,苯和对二甲苯团簇峰信号强度增加,当载气流速为120～240 L/h时,苯的团簇峰信号强度增加,而对二甲苯的团簇峰信号强度降低.此外,对样品浓度、信号强度与噪声的比值进行探讨,获得UV-FAIMS检测苯的检测限为0.011mg/m3.     

可见光辐射下富勒烯[60]–氧化铁复合催化剂的制备及光芬顿法降解有机污染物研究（英文）

采用简单的可升级的化学浸渍法,将Fe_2O_3掺杂到富勒烯[60](C_(60))上,制得C_(60)-Fe_2O_3纳米复合材料.采用了粉末X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜、紫外-可见吸收光谱、拉曼光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱,对其进行了表征.结果发现,XPS数据中,Fe2p_(3/2)和Fe2p_(1/2)的XPS特征峰分别位于结合能710.9和724.1 eV处,对应Fe_2O_3的Fe~(3+).富勒烯颗粒均匀分散在Fe_2O_3纳米颗粒表面,Fe_2O_3纳米颗粒的平均尺寸大约为20–30 nm;Fe_2O_3对于可见光只有微弱的吸收,而制备出的C_(60)-Fe_2O_3纳米复合材料对于可见光有较强的吸收响应.本文将C_(60)-Fe_2O_3纳米复合光催化材料用于光催化降解50 mL,20mg/l MB和50 mL,10 mg/L苯酚实验.结果发现,在双氧水存在下和可见光(420 nm)辐射条件下,C_(60)-Fe_2O_3对上述有机污染物均有较好的降解效果.通过测定上述有机物的削减程度,评估了C_(60)-Fe_2O_3催化剂的光催化活性,通过改变实验条件,得到可见光/C_(60)-Fe_2O_3/双氧水体系的最佳光催化降解条件:在pH值为3.06~10.34的范围内,投加0.02 g催化剂,5 mol/L双氧水.结果表明,在最佳条件下,亚甲基蓝在80min内脱色率能达到98.9%,矿化率能达到71%.浸出实验的结果表明,C_(60)-Fe_2O_3复合光催化剂中的铁浸出量可以忽略不计.经过5次循环使用后,C_(60)-Fe_2O_3复合光催化剂仍具有较高的光催化活性.为了进一步验证C_(60)-Fe_2O_3复合光催化剂的应用广泛性,本文在可见光/C_(60)-Fe_2O_3/双氧水体系下,开展了降解RhB,MO和苯酚的试验,结果发现,该催化剂它们也具有高的降解效果.机理研究发现,C_(60)-Fe_2O_3复合光催化剂的高效催化能力可归因于C_(60)和Fe_2O_3的协同效应:在可见光辐射下,由于C_(60)具有独特的光敏性特征,能够接收电子并把它们转移到Fe_2O_3的Fe3d轨道,并通过一系列反应,达到Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)循环平衡.利用活性组分捕集实验,对光催化反应过程中的主要活性氧化剂进行了区分.结果表明,羟基自由基在整个过程中发挥了最主要的作用.     

采用CO吸附原位红外光谱研究Pt/TiO2光催化体系中助催化剂作用

采用CO作为探针分子,将原位透射红外光谱应用于研究助催化剂Pt在Pt/TiO2光催化体系中的作用.实验发现,光照条件下,CO的覆盖度及样品温度没有明显变化,CO在Pt/TiO2上的吸附峰红移11 cm–1,在Pt/Al2O3上的吸附峰没有位移,表明CO在Pt/TiO2上的红移来源于TiO2上的光生电子转移到Pt上,这解释了为什么加入Pt助催化剂可提高光催化产氢活性.