High‐Precision Temperature‐Controllable Metal‐Coated Polymeric Molds for Programmable,Hierarchical Patterning

Nanofabrication is an indispensable process in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Unconventional lithographic techniques are often used for fabrication as alternatives to photolithography because they are faster, more cost‐effective, and simpler to use. However, these techniques are limited in scalability and utility because of the collapse of preprinted structures during step‐and‐repeat processes. This study proposes a new class of temperature‐controllable polymeric molds that are coated with a metal such that any site‐specific patterning can be accomplished in a programmable manner using selective contact‐dewetting lithography. The lithography allows sub‐100 nm patterning, step‐and‐repeat processing, and hierarchical structure fabrication. The programmable feature of the lithography can be utilized for the structural coloring and shaping of objects. Large‐area programmable patterning, semiconductor device manufacturing, and the fabrication of iridescent security devices would benefit from the unique features of the proposed strategy.     

Multi-stacked organic light-emitting diodes using zinc oxide nanoparticle interfacial layers

Stacked organic light-emitting diodes (SOLEDs) with 30-nm nanoparticle (NP) interfacial layers were investigated. Zinc oxide (ZnO) was used as an interfacial layer between two green polymer (GP) layers. SOLEDs with NP interfacial layers had higher device efficiency than did a single-unit device due to the high probability of exciton recombination that originated from the Auger electron-assisted energy up-conversion process. Although the current density and luminance of SOLEDs with ZnO NP interfacial layers were smaller than those of the reference device, the efficiency was doubled because of the big band alignment difference and the large band gap between GP and ZnO NP interfacial layers, which induced more radiative-exciton recombination.     

Tuning of Supramolecular Architectures of l‐Valine‐Containing Dicyanoplatinum(II) 2,2′‐Bipyridine Complexes by Metal–Metal, π–π Stacking,and Hydrogen‐Bonding Interactions

A series of newly synthesized dicyanoplatinum(II) 2,2′‐bipyridine complexes exhibits self‐assembly properties in solution after the incorporation of the l ‐valine amino units appended with various hydrophobic motifs. These l ‐valine‐derived substituents were found to have critical control over the aggregation behaviors of the complexes in the solution state. On one hand, one of the complexes was found to exhibit interesting circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals at low temperature due to the formation of chiral spherical aggregates in the temperature‐dependent studies. On the other hand, systematic transformation from less uniform aggregates to well‐defined fibrous and rod‐like structures via Pt???Pt and π–π stacking interactions has also been observed in the mixed‐solvent studies. These changes were monitored by UV/Vis absorption, emission, circular dichroism (CD), and CPL spectroscopies, and morphologies were studied by electron microscopy.     

Switched exponential state estimation of neural networks based on passivity theory

In this paper, a new exponential state estimation method is proposed for switched Hopfield neural networks based on passivity theory. Through available output measurements, the main purpose is to estimate the neuron states such that the estimation error system is exponentially stable and passive from the control input to the output error. Based on augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, Jensen’s inequality, and linear matrix inequality (LMI), a new delay-dependent state estimator for switched Hopfield neural networks can be achieved by solving LMIs, which can be easily facilitated by using some standard numerical packages. The unknown gain matrix is determined by solving delay-dependent LMIs. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Political disagreement and ambivalence in new information environment: Exploring conditional indirect effects of partisan news use and heterogeneous discussion networks on SNSs on political participation

This study investigates the (de)mobilizing influences of political (dis)agreement in the news and in political discussion on political attitudes and participation in new information environments. Results demonstrate the mediating functions of political ambivalence in that exposure to proattitudinal news reduces ambivalence and thereby promotes political participation, whereas exposure to counter-attitudinal news increases ambivalence and thereby discourages participation. Importantly, the effect of exposure to counter-attitudinal news on ambivalence was moderated by heterogeneous discussion networks on social network sites, such that the combination of exposure to counter-attitudinal news and to heterogeneous discussion networks amplifies ambivalence additively, and thereby augments the tendency toward demobilization. These results are interpreted as suggesting that changing media contexts may lead to complex roles of news and political discussion.