Stimuli‐Responsive Naphthalene Diimide as Invisible Ink: A Rewritable Fluorescent Platform for Anti‐Counterfeiting

Herein, we report an approach to combat counterfeiting and storage of valuable information based on the solid‐state fluorescence switching behavior of isoniazid functionalized naphthalene diimide (ISO_NDI) in response to an external stimuli (i. e., HCl vapor). The unique feature of ISO_NDI is further utilized to develop an invisible ink (ISO_NDI‐PVA) with commercial polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). A solid‐state fluorescence recovery was observed while loading with HCl vapors. This exclusive property of the material could be applied directly as a security ink for confidential data storage purpose. Based on above strategy, we successfully realized the rewritable application by using ISO_NDI‐PVA ink and confirm its practical efficacy on various substrates by creating different patterns. The solid‐state fluorescence switching behavior of ISO_NDI‐PVA ink exhibited reversible on/off signal for multiple cycles under the influence of HCl/NH₃ vapors. Mechanistic investigation supports a clear participation of intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) phenomenon in the solid‐state fluorescence switching property. The ease of fabricating the ink with invisible to visible characteristics in response to HCl vapors provides new opportunities for exploring the application of ISO_NDI‐PVA as invisible ink for targeted security applications.     

Optimization of alkaline protease production by Bacillus sp. using taguchi methodology

Optimization of alkaline protease production parameters by Bacillus sp. was investigated using Taguchi methodology. The pH of the medium was observed to be the most significant factor among all selected optimization parameters at an individual level. The combinatorial influence of least significant factors, inoculum level and salt solution concentration (at the individual level), resulted in an interacting severity index of 76%, suggesting their interactive role in the regulation of protease production in this microbial species. Protease production could be improved more than 100% with Taguchi’s optimized conditions of the medium composition by this microorganism.     

Preparation of 125I-Lanreotide and its biodistribution in murine model of melanoma

Lanreotide, a somatostatin analogue, was radioiodinated with ¹²⁵I to explore the possibility of using ¹²³I labeled lanreotide as a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical for tumors overexpressing somatostatin (SST) receptors. Radioiodination was carried out with ¹²⁵I using chloramine T as the oxidant. The labeling yield was >90%. Characterization of ¹²⁵I-Lanreotide was carried out by paper electrophoresis as well as HPLC. ¹²⁵I-Lanreotide was purified by chromatography using a C18 Sep-Pak column. Radiochemical purity of the purified ¹²⁵I-Lanreotide thus obtained was >99%. Significant tumor uptake of ¹²⁵I-Lanreotide was observed in C57BL/6 mice bearing melanoma.     

Mössbauer Study of La1−x Ca x Mn1−y 57Fe y O3 with x=0,0.25; y=0.01

Temperature dependent Mössbauer measurements are done on the samples of La_1–x Ca _x Mn_1–y ⁵⁷Fe _y O₃ with x=0 and 0.25, and y=0.01. With decreasing temperature, the specimen with x=0.25 shows a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition around 175 K. In the specimen x=0.0, the temperature dependence of both the center shift () and the recoilless fraction (f) can be fitted very well with the Debye theory with a _D=320±50 K. But for the specimens with x=0.25, f and show distinct deviations from the Debye behavior in the temperature range in which the resistivity shows a sharp decrease. Dips observed in both the f and around the transition temperature suggest that the Jahn–Teller distortion observed in these systems is dynamic in nature.     

Synthesis and studies on dichloro iodo triphenylphosphine oxide nickel(III)

A new compound of nickel(III), [Ni(OPPh₃)Cl₂I] has been prepared by the action of nitrosyl chloride or chlorine gas on [Ni(PPh₃)₂I₂]. Various physical studies of the compound are reported.     

Absorption spectra of Cu2+ in shattuckite and plancheite

Optical and EPR measurements are carried out on shattuckite, a copper bearing silicate. The EPR spectrum observed at 120 K reveales hyperfine structure for parallel and perpendicular components. The measured values are g6 = 2.402, g⊥ = 2.038, A6 = 112 × 10^-4 cm^-1 and A⊥ = 49.5 × 10^-4 cm^-1 and they indicate a tetragonal distortion for the Cu²⁺ion. Further, the constants P and K are evaluated and found to be 0.014 cm^-1 and 0.0112 respectively. The bands observed at 8160, 13330 and 16125 cm^-1 are assigned to the electronic states of Cu²⁺, in a crystal field subjected to tetragonal (C_4V) distortion. The crystal field parameters evaluated are Dq = -1333, Ds = -1565 and Dt = -380 cm^-1. Correlating the EPR and optical data, the orbital reduction factors are calculated as k6 = 0.89 and k⊥ = 0.59. It is confirmed from EPR and optical studies that the Cu²⁺ion in shattuckite is sited in an elongated octahedron. Similar studies are carried out for plancheite. The observed optical absorption spectrum of plancheite is attributed to Cu²⁺ sited in an elongated octahedron and tetragonal field parameters are evaluated.     

Switching surfaces inN-person differential games

Switching surfaces inN-person differential games are essentially similar to those encountered in optimal control and two-person, zero-sum differential games. The differences between the Nash noncooperative solution and the saddle-point solution are reflected in the dispersal surfaces. These are discussed through classification and construction procedures for switching surfaces. A simple example of a two-person, nonzero-sum game is considered. A complete solution of this game will be presented in a companion paper (Ref. 1).     

Radiative decays,photoproduction and total cross section of theψ particles

It is pointed out that the coupling characterizing theψ-γ vertex must change substantially between the limits,ψ on mass-shell which occurs inψ→e ⁺ e ⁻ and photon on mass-shell which is relevant in radiative decays likeψ→ππγ, ψ→ηγ and photoproduction ofψ. This has the consequence that the value ofψN total cross section must be larger than what is inferred from the use of naive vector dominance in photoproduction.