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131.
Phytochemicals have shown promise in inhibiting UV-induced oxidative stress, and therefore are considered as potent inhibitors of UV-induced oxidative stress-mediated skin diseases. We have shown previously that topical treatment of silymarin, a flavonoid from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), inhibits UV-induced oxidative stress in mouse skin. However, the cellular targets responsible for the inhibition of UV-induced oxidative stress by silymarin are not clearly defined. To address this issue, C3H/HeN mice were UV irradiated (90 mJ cm(-2)) with or without topical treatment with silymarin (1 mg cm(-2) skin area). Mice were killed 48 h later and skin samples collected. Flow cytometric analysis of viable dermal cells revealed that the number of infiltrating CD11b+ cells were the major source of oxidative stress (31.8%) in UV-irradiated skin compared with non-UV-exposed skin (0.4%). Treatment of silymarin inhibited UV-induced oxidative stress through inhibition of infiltrating CD11b+ cells. The analysis of myeloperoxidase also indicated that silymarin significantly (P < 0.001) decreased UV-induced infiltration of leukocytes, and this effect of silymarin was similar to that of intraperitoneal treatment of mice with monoclonal antibodies to CD11b. The inhibitory effect of silymarin, regardless of whether it is topically treated before or after UV irradiation, was of similar magnitude. Intraperitoneal administration of monoclonal antibodies to CD11b (rat IgG2b) to C3H/HeN mice inhibited UVB-induced oxidative stress generated by both epidermal and dermal cells as is evident by relative fluorescence intensity of oxidized rhodamine. Similar to the effect of anti-CD11b, silymarin also inhibited UV-induced oxidative stress in both epidermal and dermal cells. Further, CD11b+ and CD11b- cell subsets from UV-treated or silymarin+UV-treated mice were separated by immunomagnetic cell isolation technique from total epidermal and dermal single cell suspensions and analyzed for reactive oxygen species (ROS)/H2O2 production. Analytic data revealed that CD11b+ cell population from UV-irradiated skin resulted in significantly higher production of ROS in both epidermis and dermis than CD11b- cell population, and that silymarin inhibited UV-induced oxidative stress through targeting infiltrating the CD11b+ cell type in the skin. 相似文献
132.
Mudigonda K Jukanti R Apte SS Kishan V Maurya S Kandikere V Nirogi R 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2008,22(1):20-27
A high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of zidovudine in rat plasma. Following solid-phase extraction, the analytes were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a reverse phase column and analyzed by MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M+H]+ ions, m/z 268/127 for zidovudine and m/z 230/112 for the internal standard. The method exhibited a linear dynamic range of 5-500 ng/mL for zidovudine in rat plasma. The lower limit of quantification was 5 ng/mL with a relative standard deviation of less than 8%. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. A run time of 1.5 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 400 plasma samples per day. The validated method was applied for pharmacokinetic studies of the novel drug delivery systems of zidovudine in rats. 相似文献
133.
134.
Madhab Prasad Bajgai Santosh Aryal Douk Rae Lee Soo-Jin Park Hak Yong Kim 《Colloid and polymer science》2008,286(5):517-524
Amphiphilic graft copolymer composed of poly(∈-caprolactone) and dextran was synthesized by ring opening polymerization of
∈-caprolactone initiated through the hydroxyl end of dextran in the presence of stannous 2-ethylhexanoate [Sn (oct)2] as a catalyst. It has been widely characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and thermogravimetric analysis. Nanoparticles were prepared in aqueous medium by co-solvent evaporation technique at
room temperature (25 °C). Hydrodynamic diameter and particle size were measured by dynamic light scattering spectroscopy and
atomic force microscopy, respectively. Core-shell geometry of polymeric nanoparticle was characterized by fluorescence spectrophotometer
using pyrene as a probe. Critical micelle concentration of polymer in triple distilled water decreased from 6.9 × 10−4 to 8.9 × 10−4 g/l with increasing hydrophobic moiety. Further, the physiological stability of the nanoparticles in phosphate buffer saline
of pH 7.4 at 37 °C was evaluated, which showed promising in drug delivery system. 相似文献
135.
Sanjay Kumar Singh Santosh Kumar Dubey Rampal Pandey Lallan Mishra Ru-Qiang Zou Qiang Xu Daya Shankar Pandey 《Polyhedron》2008
The new cationic mononuclear complexes [(η6-arene)Ru(Ph-BIAN)Cl]BF4 [η6-arene = benzene (1), p-cymene (2)], [(η5-C5H5)Ru(Ph-BIAN)PPh3]BF4 (3) and [(η5-C5Me5)M(Ph-BIAN)Cl]BF4 [M = Rh (4), Ir (5)] incorporating 1,2-bis(phenylimino)acenaphthene (Ph-BIAN) are reported. The complexes have been fully characterized by analytical and spectral (IR, NMR, FAB-MS, electronic and emission) studies. The molecular structure of the representative iridium complex [(η5-C5Me5)Ir(Ph-BIAN)Cl]BF4 has been determined crystallographically. Complexes 1–5 effectively catalyze the reduction of terephthaldehyde in the presence of HCOOH/CH3COONa in water under aerobic conditions and, among these complexes the rhodium complex [(η5-C5Me5)Rh(Ph-BIAN)Cl]BF4 (4) displays the most effective catalytic activity. 相似文献
136.
137.
A new, simple high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method has been established and validated for simultaneous determination
of escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam in a combined tablet dosage form. The drugs were separated on aluminum plates precoated
with silica gel 60 F254; toluene–ethyl acetate–triethylamine 7:3.5:3 (v/v) was used as mobile phase. Quantitative analysis was performed by densitometric scanning at 258 nm. The method was validated
for linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The calibration plot was linear over the ranges 250–2,500 and 50–500 ng band−1 for escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of drugs in a
pharmaceutical formulation. 相似文献
138.
Noel A. Gomes Ashutosh M. Pudage Santosh S. Joshi Vikas V. Vaidya Sagar A. Parekh 《Chromatographia》2008,68(7-8):541-550
A rapid and sensitive LC–MS–MS method has been developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of abacavir (ABA) and lamivudine (LAM) in human plasma. The analytes were extracted from human plasma by SPE. Nelfinavir (NEL) and emtricitabine (EMT) were used as the internal standards for ABA and LAM, respectively. An RP18 column enabled chromatographic separation of the analytes. The method involves simple isocratic chromatography and MS detection in positive-ionization mode. Validation of the method showed response was a linear function of concentration in the ranges 100.0–7000.0 ng mL?1 for ABA and 80.0–5000.0 ng mL?1 for LAM. At the LOQ levels, inter-run and intra-run precision were within 5.80 and 3.51%, respectively, for ABA and within 4.68 and 3.16%, respectively, for LAM. Overall recovery for ABA and LAM was 59.32 and 105.18%, respectively. Total elution time was 2 min only, which enabled quantification of more than 200 plasma samples per day. This validated method was used successfully for analysis of plasma samples from a bioequivalence study. 相似文献
139.
We present a practical algorithm for computing the volume of a convex body with a target relative accuracy parameter \(\varepsilon >0\). The convex body is given as the intersection of an explicit set of linear inequalities and an ellipsoid. The algorithm is inspired by the volume algorithms in Lovász and Vempala (J Comput Syst Sci 72(2):392–417, 2006) and Cousins and Vempala (SODA, pp. 1215–1228, 2014), but makes significant departures to improve performance, including the use of empirical convergence tests, an adaptive annealing scheme and a new rounding algorithm. We propose a benchmark of test bodies and present a detailed evaluation of our algorithm. Our results indicate that that volume computation and integration might now be practical in moderately high dimension (a few hundred) on commodity hardware. 相似文献
140.
Radiation Damage and Racemic Protein Crystallography Reveal the Unique Structure of the GASA/Snakin Protein Superfamily 下载免费PDF全文
Ho Yeung Dr. Christopher J. Squire Yuliana Yosaatmadja Dr. Santosh Panjikar Gemma López Prof. Dr. Antonio Molina Prof. Dr. Edward N. Baker Dr. Paul W. R. Harris Prof. Dr. Margaret A. Brimble 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(28):7930-7933
Proteins from the GASA/snakin superfamily are common in plant proteomes and have diverse functions, including hormonal crosstalk, development, and defense. One 63‐residue member of this family, snakin‐1, an antimicrobial protein from potatoes, has previously been chemically synthesized in a fully active form. Herein the 1.5 Å structure of snakin‐1, determined by a novel combination of racemic protein crystallization and radiation‐damage‐induced phasing (RIP), is reported. Racemic crystals of snakin‐1 and quasi‐racemic crystals incorporating an unnatural 4‐iodophenylalanine residue were prepared from chemically synthesized d ‐ and l ‐proteins. Breakage of the C?I bonds in the quasi‐racemic crystals facilitated structure determination by RIP. The crystal structure reveals a unique protein fold with six disulfide crosslinks, presenting a distinct electrostatic surface that may target the protein to microbial cell surfaces. 相似文献