Limits of translates of divergent geodesics and integral points on one-sheeted hyperboloids

For any non-uniform lattice Γ in SL₂(?), we describe the limit distribution of orthogonal translates of a divergent geodesic in Γ\SL₂(?). As an application, for a quadratic form Q of signature (2, 1), a lattice Γ in its isometry group, and v ₀ ∈ ?³ with Q(v ₀) > 0, we compute the asymptotic (with a logarithmic error term) of the number of points in a discrete orbit v ₀Γ of norm at most T, when the stabilizer of v ₀ in Γ is finite. Our result in particular implies that for any non-zero integer d, the smoothed count for the number of integral binary quadratic forms with discriminant d ² and with coefficients bounded by T is asymptotic to c · T log T + O(T).     

S-Noetherian properties on amalgamated algebras along an ideal

Let A and B   be commutative rings with identity, f:A→B$f:A\to B$ a ring homomorphism and J an ideal of B  . Then the subring A?^fJ:={(a,f(a)+j)|a∈A and j∈J}$A{?}^{f}J:=\{(a,f(a)+j)|a\in A\text{and}j\in J\}$ of A×B$A\times B$ is called the amalgamation of A with B along with J with respect to f. In this paper, we investigate a general concept of the Noetherian property, called the S  -Noetherian property which was introduced by Anderson and Dumitrescu, on the ring A?^fJ$A{?}^{f}J$ for a multiplicative subset S   of A?^fJ$A{?}^{f}J$. As particular cases of the amalgamation, we also devote to study the transfers of the S  -Noetherian property to the constructions D+(_X1,…,_Xn)E[_X1,…,_Xn]$D+(X_1,\dots ,X_n)E[X_1,\dots ,X_n]$ and D+(_X1,…,_Xn)E?_X1,…,_Xn?$D+(X_1,\dots ,X_n)E?X_1,\dots ,X_n?$ and Nagata?s idealization.     

Young walls and graded dimension formulas for finite quiver Hecke algebras of type A^{(2)}_{2\ell } and D^{(2)}_{\ell +1}

We study graded dimension formulas for finite quiver Hecke algebras \(R^{\Lambda _0}(\beta )\) of type \(A^{(2)}_{2\ell }\) and \(D^{(2)}_{\ell +1}\) using combinatorics of Young walls. We introduce the notion of standard tableaux for proper Young walls and show that the standard tableaux form a graded poset with lattice structure. We next investigate Laurent polynomials associated with proper Young walls and their standard tableaux arising from the Fock space representations consisting of proper Young walls. Then, we prove the graded dimension formulas described in terms of the Laurent polynomials. When evaluating at \(q=1\) , the graded dimension formulas recover the dimension formulas for \(R^{\Lambda _0}(\beta )\) described in terms of standard tableaux of strict partitions.     

Interconnection of multichannel polyimide electrodes using anisotropic conductive films (ACFs) for biomedical applications

In this paper, we propose a method for interconnecting soft polyimide (PI) electrodes using anisotropic conductive films (ACFs). Reliable and automated bonding was achieved through development of a desktop thermocompressive bonding device that could simultaneously deliver appropriate temperatures and pressures to the interconnection area. The bonding conditions were optimized by changing the bonding temperature and bonding pressure. The electrical properties were characterized by measuring the contact resistance of the ACF bonding area, yielding a measure that was used to optimize the applied pressure and temperature. The optimal conditions consisted of applying a pressure of 4 kg f/cm(2) and a temperature of 180 °C for 20 s. Although ACF base bonding is widely used in industry (e.g., liquid crystal display manufacturing), this study constitutes the first trial of a biomedical application. We performed a preliminary in vivo biocompatibility investigation of ACF bonded area. Using the optimized temperature and pressure conditions, we interconnected a 40-channel PI multielectrode device for measuring electroencephalography (EEG) signals from the skulls of mice. The electrical properties of electrode were characterized by measuring the impedance. Finally, EEG signals were measured from the mice skulls using the fabricated devices to investigate suitability for application to biomedical devices.     

High‐Mobility Air‐Stable Solution‐Shear‐Processed n‐Channel Organic Transistors Based on Core‐Chlorinated Naphthalene Diimides

High charge carrier mobility solution‐processed n‐channel organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) based on core‐chlorinated naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimides (NDIs) with fluoroalkyl chains are demonstrated. These OTFTs were prepared through a solution shearing method. Core‐chlorination of NDIs not only increases the electron mobilities of OTFTs, but also enhances their air stability, since the chlorination in the NDI core lowers the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels. The air‐stability of dichlorinated NDI was better than that of the tetrachlorinated NDIs, presumably due to the fact that dichlorinated NDIs have a denser packing of the fluoroalkyl chains and less grain boundaries on the surface, reducing the invasion pathway of ambient oxygen and moisture. The devices of dichlorinated NDIs exhibit good OTFT performance, even after storage in air for one and a half months. Charge transport anisotropy is observed from the dichlorinated NDI. A dichlorinated NDI with ?CH₂C₃F₇ side chains reveals high mobilities of up to 0.22 and 0.57 cm² V^?1 s^?1 in parallel and perpendicular direction, respectively, with regard to the shearing direction. This mobility anisotropy is related to the grain morphology. In addition, we find that the solution‐shearing deposition affects the molecular orientation in the crystalline thin films and lowers the d(001)‐spacing (the out‐of‐plane interlayer spacing), compared to the vapor‐deposited thin films. Core‐chlorinated NDI derivatives are found to be highly suitable for n‐channel active materials in low‐cost solution‐processed organic electronics.     

Zinc-finger motif noncovalent interactions with double-stranded DNA characterized by negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

A zinc-finger motif recognizes specific sequences on the double helical structure of DNA. This sequence recognition property offers great promise for various biotechnology applications. Accordingly, it is crucially important to characterize zinc-finger binding characteristics for further developments. Although the gel shift assay or phage display is traditionally used for determining the binding characteristics of zinc-fingers for double stranded DNA, in the present study we utilize electrospray ionization mass spectrometry as an advanced and convenient characterization tool because of the rich information it provides, and its quantitative sensitivity, operational simplicity, and no need for radioactive labeling. Here we demonstrate the use of negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for competition-based quantitative comparison of the zinc-finger motif sequence specificity, stoichiometry, and metal ion dependence.     

Sensitive fluorescence assay of anthrax protective antigen with two new DNA aptamers and their binding properties

A homogeneous assay of the protective antigen in anthrax toxin is reported using two new PA-specific aptamers for selective and sensitive detection, based on reduction in the fluorescence emission according to the formation of the aptamer-PA ternary complex. PA at 1 nM was readily detected using OliGreen as a fluorophore in HEPES buffer. We also demonstrated that the PA detection could be performed in blood serum. The binding interaction between the aptamer and PA was strong enough to dehybridize double-stranded DNA paired completely with 12 bases at room temperature. Moreover, this fluorescence study revealed that the binding sites of the two aptamers were located differently on the PA protein. We believe our approach may lay the groundwork for the real-time detection of PA.     

Thiocyanate-capped nanocrystal colloids: vibrational reporter of surface chemistry and solution-based route to enhanced coupling in nanocrystal solids

Ammonium thiocyanate (NH(4)SCN) is introduced to exchange the long, insulating ligands used in colloidal nanocrystal (NC) synthesis. The short, air-stable, environmentally benign thiocyanate ligand electrostatically stabilizes a variety of semiconductor and metallic NCs in polar solvents, allowing solution-based deposition of NCs into thin-film NC solids. NH(4)SCN is also effective in replacing ligands on NCs after their assembly into the solid state. The spectroscopic properties of this ligand provide unprecedented insight into the chemical and electronic nature of the surface of the NCs. Spectra indicate that the thiocyanate binds to metal sites on the NC surface and is sensitive to atom type and NC surface charge. The short, thiocyanate ligand gives rise to significantly enhanced electronic coupling between NCs as evidenced by large bathochromic shifts in the absorption spectra of CdSe and CdTe NC thin films and by conductivities as high as (2 ± 0.7) × 10(3) Ω(-1) cm(-1) for Au NC thin films deposited from solution. NH(4)SCN treatment of PbTe NC films increases the conductivity by 10(13), allowing the first Hall measurements of nonsintered NC solids, with Hall effect mobilities of 2.8 ± 0.7 cm(2)/(V·s). Thiocyanate-capped CdSe NC thin films form photodetectors exhibiting sensitive photoconductivity of 10(-5) Ω(-1) cm(-1) under 30 mW/cm(2) of 488 nm illumination with I(photo)/I(dark) > 10(3) and form n-channel thin-film transistors with electron mobilities of 1.5 ± 0.7 cm(2)/(V·s), a current modulation of >10(6), and a subthreshold swing of 0.73 V/decade.     

Anti-inflammatory diterpene from Thyrsanthera suborbicularis

Bioactivity-guided isolation on a n-hexane-soluble fraction of Thyrsanthera suborbicularis led to the isolation of a new rosane-type diterpene, 19-hydroxy-1(10), 15-rosadiene (1), along with three known compounds, taraxerol, acetyl aleuritolic acid, and spathulenol. The structures of isolated compounds were determined by interpretation of NMR spectroscopic data and mass spectrometry. Compound 1 demonstrated significantly inhibitory activity on nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse macrophages with an IC(50) value of 2.91 μg/ml via the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression.