全文获取类型
收费全文 | 32970篇 |
免费 | 5192篇 |
国内免费 | 4245篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 16735篇 |
晶体学 | 365篇 |
力学 | 1788篇 |
综合类 | 297篇 |
数学 | 2857篇 |
物理学 | 9618篇 |
无线电 | 10747篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 146篇 |
2023年 | 756篇 |
2022年 | 1056篇 |
2021年 | 1314篇 |
2020年 | 1262篇 |
2019年 | 1155篇 |
2018年 | 1029篇 |
2017年 | 971篇 |
2016年 | 1319篇 |
2015年 | 1573篇 |
2014年 | 1795篇 |
2013年 | 2358篇 |
2012年 | 2666篇 |
2011年 | 2862篇 |
2010年 | 2050篇 |
2009年 | 2045篇 |
2008年 | 2071篇 |
2007年 | 1975篇 |
2006年 | 1954篇 |
2005年 | 1668篇 |
2004年 | 1371篇 |
2003年 | 1015篇 |
2002年 | 942篇 |
2001年 | 889篇 |
2000年 | 863篇 |
1999年 | 713篇 |
1998年 | 604篇 |
1997年 | 506篇 |
1996年 | 500篇 |
1995年 | 470篇 |
1994年 | 440篇 |
1993年 | 331篇 |
1992年 | 330篇 |
1991年 | 266篇 |
1990年 | 225篇 |
1989年 | 202篇 |
1988年 | 122篇 |
1987年 | 111篇 |
1986年 | 93篇 |
1985年 | 92篇 |
1984年 | 57篇 |
1983年 | 55篇 |
1982年 | 50篇 |
1981年 | 29篇 |
1980年 | 23篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1957年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
31.
Baoqiang Li Dechang Jia Yu Zhou Qiaoling Hu Wei Cai 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2006
Chitosan/magnetite nanocomposite was synthesized induced by magnetic field via in situ hybridization in ambient condition. Results of XRD patterns and TEM micrographs indicated that magnetite particles with 10–20 nm were dispersed in chitosan homogeneously. An interesting result is that magnetite nanoparticles were assembled to form chain-like structures under the influence of the external magnetic field, which mimics the magnetite chains inside of magnetotatic bacteria. The saturated magnetization (Ms) of nano-magnetite in chitosan was 50.54 emu/g, which is as high as 54% of bulk magnetite. The remanence (Mr) and coercivity (Hc) were 4 emu/g and14.8 Oe, respectively, which indicated that magnetite nanoparticles were superparamagnetic. The key of route is that a pre-precipitated chitosan hydrogel membrane, used as chemical reactor, which controlled the precipitation of chitosan precipitation and in situ transformation of magnetite from the precursor simultaneously in the magnetic field environment. 相似文献
32.
33.
Wenbing Hu Alexander Buzin Jar‐Shyong Lin Bernhard Wunderlich 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2003,41(4):403-417
The annealing at 373 K of ultrastrong, gel‐spun polyethylene (PE) has been studied. At this temperature, the fibers show no significant shrinkage. Still, a significant decrease in the mechanical properties is observed. The fibers have been analyzed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), temperature‐modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). During the annealing, the glass transition of the intermediate phase is exceeded, as shown by DSC. When split for structure analysis by AFM, the annealed fibers undergo plastic deformation around the base fibrils instead of brittle fracture. The quasi‐isothermal TMDSC experiments are compared to the minor structural changes seen with SAXS and AFM. The loss of performance of the PE fibers at 373 K is suggested to be caused by the oriented intermediate phase, and not by major changes in the structure or morphology. The overall metastable, semicrystalline structure is shown by TMDSC to posses local regions that can melt reversibly. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 403–417, 2003 相似文献
34.
35.
Jianhu Yang Shixun Dai Nengli Dai Lei Wen Lili Hu Zhonghong Jiang 《Journal of luminescence》2004,106(1):9-14
Nonradiative decay of 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition of Er3+ has been investigated in a series of oxide glasses. For Er3+-doped glass samples, the Judd-Ofelt analysis on absorption spectra was performed and the fluorescence lifetime was determined by extrapolating to zero Er3+ concentration limit. Infrared spectra were measured in order to investigate the influence of OH− groups in different glasses. The effects of glass matrix on the decay rate were discussed from the viewpoint of phonon energy, variations of effective fields, and OH− groups. Compared to other glasses, phosphate glass presents low quantum efficiency and large nonradiative decay rate due to its high phonon energy and hygroscopic behavior. 相似文献
36.
静压下ZnS:Te中Te等电子陷阱的发光 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
研究了4块ZnS:Te薄膜样品(Te组分从0.5%到3.1%)的光致发光谱在常压下的温度特性.对于Te组分较小的2块样品观察到2个发光峰,分别来自Te1和Te2等电子陷阱;而对Te组分较大的2块样品则只观察到1个来自Te2等电子陷阱的发光.我们还研究了这些发光峰在低温1.5K下的流体静压压力行为.观察到与Te1有关的发光峰压力系数比ZnS带边的要大很多,而与Te2有关的发光峰压力系数则比带边小.根据Koster-Slater模型,价带态密度半宽随压力的增加是Te1中心有较大压力系数的主要原因,而Te1和Te2中心的不同压力行为则是由于压力对两者缺陷势增强的不同效果引起的. 相似文献
37.
A. M. Povolotsky V. B. Priezzhev Chin-Kun Hu 《Journal of statistical physics》2003,111(5-6):1149-1182
An asymmetric stochastic process describing the avalanche dynamics on a ring is proposed. A general kinetic equation which incorporates the exclusion and avalanche processes is considered. The Bethe ansatz method is used to calculate the generating function for the total distance covered by all particles. It gives the average velocity of particles which exhibits a phase transition from an intermittent to continuous flow. We calculated also higher cumulants and the large deviation function for the particle flow. The latter has the universal form obtained earlier for the asymmetric exclusion process and conjectured to be common for all models of the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality class. 相似文献
38.
Tm3+/Yb3+-codoped germanate-niobic (GN) and germanium-bismuth (GB) glasses have been synthesized by conventional melting and quenching method. Intense blue and weak red emissions centered at 477 and 650 nm, corresponding to the transitions 1G4→3H6 and 1G4→3H4, respectively, were observed at room temperature. The possible up-conversion mechanisms are discussed and estimated. GN glass showed a weaker up-conversion emission than GB glass, which is inconsistent with the prediction from the difference of maximum phonon energy between GN and GB glasses. In this paper, Raman spectroscopy was employed to investigate the origin of the difference in up-conversion luminescence in the two glasses. Compared with phonon side-band spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy extracts more information including both phonon energy and phonon density. For the first time, our results reveal that, besides the maximum phonon energy, the phonon density of host glasses is also an important factor in determining the up-conversion efficiency. 相似文献
39.
40.
This paper delineates the first steps in a systematic quantitative study of the spacetime fluctuations induced by quantum
fields in an evaporating black hole. We explain how the stochastic gravity formalism can be a useful tool for that purpose
within a low-energy effective field theory approach to quantum gravity. As an explicit example we apply it to the study of
the spherically-symmetric sector of metric perturbations around an evaporating black hole background geometry. For macroscopic
black holes we find that those fluctuations grow and eventually become important when considering sufficiently long periods
of time (of the order of the evaporation time), but well before the Planckian regime is reached. In addition, the assumption
of a simple correlation between the fluctuations of the energy flux crossing the horizon and far from it, which was made in
earlier work on spherically-symmetric induced fluctuations, is carefully analyzed and found to be invalid. Our analysis suggests
the existence of an infinite amplitude for the fluctuations of the horizon as a three-dimensional hypersurface. We emphasize
the need for understanding and designing operational ways of probing quantum metric fluctuations near the horizon and extracting
physically meaningful information.
Dedicated to Rafael Sorkin on the occasion of his 60th birthday. 相似文献