石墨炔与锡烯层状体系的形变势和电声耦合及载流子传输理论研究

我们对sp + sp²杂化的碳同素异形体—石墨炔,以及锡烯等层状体系的电子结构、形变势、电声耦合和电荷输运性质进行了回顾。有些二维石墨炔具有类似石墨烯的狄拉克锥,同时石墨炔电子结构可通过将其沿不同方向裁剪成不同宽度一维纳米带来调节。采用玻尔兹曼输运方程和形变势近似,结合第一性原理计算,我们预测石墨炔电荷载流子室温迁移率可达10⁴–10⁵ cm²·V^-1·s^-1,尤其6, 6, 12-石墨炔,因有两个狄拉克锥及比石墨烯弱的电声耦合,其室温迁移率甚至能高于石墨烯。因此具有独特电子结构和高迁移率的石墨炔能成为继石墨烯之后未来的纳米电子器件材料。此外我们着重分析了形变势方法的适用性：密度泛函微扰理论和瓦尼尔插值技术能精确计算任意波矢和模式的声子对载流子散射,该方法在石墨烯和石墨炔上的运用表明二维平面碳材料中对载流子输运起主导作用的是长波长纵声学声子散射,因而形变势方法是适用的;但通过对锡烯等二维非平面buckling结构的材料声子散射和迁移率的计算,发现此类不具备σ_h对称性的材料有较强的面外声子散射和横声学声子谷间散射,使得常用的形变势失效。     

析相微萃取-石墨炉原子吸收法测定生物样品中痕量镉

本文以双硫腙为络合剂,乙酸乙酯为萃取剂,建立了析相微萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定环境生物样品中痕量镉的分析方法.考察了析相规律及影响萃取的酸度条件及络合剂用量等因素,方法线性范围为0.005～0.20μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.0%(n=7),与未经析相微萃取方法测定相比,灵敏度提高了20倍.所建立的方法用于测定国家标准物质杨树叶、灌木枝叶、人发中镉的含量,结果与参考值具有良好的一致性.     

气相色谱法研究胶体金负载纳米金属氧化物催化氧化CO行为

将胶体金负载于不同的金属氧化物纳米材料上,分别制备了Au/TiO2、Au/γ-Al2O3、Au/Fe2O3和Au/ZnO纳米材料,采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对负载前后的材料进行了表征。利用气相色谱法检测CO的浓度,在选定的色谱条件下,5 min内就实现了快速分离测定,该检测方法的线性范围为1.0×10-6%~10%(体积分数),回收率为96.0%~103.6%,精密度为1.2%~2.3%。应用自制的催化活性评价装置对氧化物纳米材料催化氧化CO的行为进行了研究,结果表明:负载金氧化物纳米材料催化氧化CO的性能在50~200℃均优于相应的未负载金的材料,其中Au/TiO2的催化氧化效果最佳,且在一定气体流速范围内具有稳定的催化活性。     

纳米颗粒对沸腾活化核心密度的影响

根据实验所得沸腾曲线,对纳米颗粒悬浮液进行稳态数值模拟,计算了不同过热度下活化核心的密度.计算结果表明一对于不同浓度的纳米颗粒悬浮液,在考虑了其物性变化对沸腾传热的影响外,颗粒的加入对活化核心密度产生的影响是主要的因素,并且影响效果随颗粒浓度的变化不呈单向趋势.     

人工智能检测技术在汽车维修中的应用

随着互联网信息技术的蓬勃发展,人工智能检测技术在车辆维修领域获得了广泛的应用。在新科技的推动下,车辆故障检测技术也在不断发展,完善了当前的车辆检测技术,提高了汽车的安全性。汽车维修人员合理应用人工智能检测技术,可对汽车存在的各类情况进行更加精准的检查。文中主要对人工智能技术在汽车维修中的具体应用进行了阐述。     

Facile construction of the stable layer on the surface of Si/C electrode assisted by SWCNT coating

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Silicon as one of the most promising anode materials suffers from its low electronic conductivity and large volume changes during the...     

The Synergistic Effect of Pemirolast Potassium on Carrier Management and Strain Release for High-Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

The quality of the perovskite absorption layer is critical for the high efficiency and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The inhomogeneity due to local lattice mismatch causes severe residual strain in low-quality perovskite films, which greatly limits the availability of high-performance PSCs. In this study, a multi-active-site potassium salt, pemirolast potassium (PP), is added to perovskite films to improve carrier dynamics and release residual stress. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements suggest that the proposed multifunctional additive bonds with uncoordinated Pb²⁺ through the carbonyl group/tetrazole N and passivated I atom defects. Moreover, the residual stress release is effective from the surface to the entire perovskite layer, and carrier extraction/transport is promoted in PP-modified perovskite films. As a result, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.06% with an ultra-high fill factor (FF) of 84.36% is achieved in the PP-modified device, which ranks among the best in formamidinium-cesium (FACs) PSCs. In addition, the PP-modified device exhibits excellent thermal stability due to the inhibited phase separation. This work provides a reliable way to improve the efficiency and stability of PSCs by releasing residual stress in perovskite films through additive engineering.