C/C复合材料的氧化对激光防护的影响研究

研究了不同风速下激光辐照C/C复合材料的氧化速率,利用温度场计算结果,结合氧气在空气中的传质速率,计算了激光辐照下C/C复合材料的氧化烧蚀速率及氧化放热的影响。数值计算结果表明,激光辐照期间,较低风速下氧化对烧蚀的贡献很小。作为激光防护材料,C/C复合材料激光辐照期间的氧化烧蚀可以忽略。     

光子计数激光雷达时间-数字转换系统

时间测量系统在激光雷达中主要用于激光脉冲飞行时间的测量,其性能直接影响着激光雷达的各项指标.基于FPGA设计了一种应用于光子计数激光雷达的时间-数字转换(Time-to-Digital Converter,TDC)系统,利用延迟线内插在FPGA内部实现了高精度的时间测量,通过实验分析,研究了TDC系统的性能及其应用于光子计数激光雷达后的效果.实验结果表明,TDC系统的时间分辨率达到29 ps,测时精度37 ps,能够实现9通道的高精度事件计时功能,用于光子计数激光雷达后,整个激光雷达系统的测时精度为421 ps,达到6.3 cm的距离测量精度,能够实现高精度高分辨率的激光三维成像.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Copper(Ⅱ)Complex with Funnel-like Ligand Based on Calix[6]arene

The preparation method of a funnel like ligand derived from calix[6]arene and tris(2-pyridyl-methyl)anime has been improved.The Cu(Ⅱ)complex was obtained and ch...     

光子计数成像激光雷达时间间隔测量系统研究

光子计数成像激光雷达需要测量一个激光主波和与之对应的多个回波之间的时间间隔,并具有高精度.采用延迟线插入法时间间隔测量技术,研制了具有27ps分辨率的多脉冲时间间隔测量系统,介绍了系统的软硬件结构及工作流程,测试了精度和线性度等指标,实验结果表明系统精度达到80ps,线性度良好.     

微波辐射淀粉接枝丙烯酸合成高吸水树脂

以N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,通过微波辐射制备了淀粉接枝丙烯酸高吸水树脂.研究了淀粉和引发剂类型、引发剂及交联剂用量、丙烯酸中和度、淀粉和单体的配比、微波辐射功率及辐射时间对吸水率的影响.结果表明,经过糊化后所制备的树脂吸水率明显提高,糊化过程减小了淀粉种类对吸水率的影响.过硫酸盐类引发剂是一类高效廉价的引发剂.当引发剂(过硫酸钾)和交联剂的用量分别为丙烯酸的0.3wt%和0.02wt%,中和度为60%,玉米淀粉和丙烯酸质量比为0.25时,经231W微波辐射4min,可获得吸水率为1110g·g~(-1)的高吸水树脂.利用微波技术制备吸水树脂可实现合成、干燥一步完成,且无须氮气保护,明显缩短反应时间、简化工艺、降低成本.     

CeO_2修饰炭载体负载PdPt二元合金催化剂及其在甲酸氧化电催化中的应用

用CeO2修饰炭粉做载体,使用有机溶胶法还原PdPt二元合金的方法制备了一系列PdPt/CeO2-C催化剂.借助电化学测试,探讨催化剂中不同Pd与Pt原子比例的PdPt二元合金和不同含量的CeO2对于甲酸电氧化催化活性的影响.不断减少PdPt合金中Pt的比例可以促使甲酸氧化的起始电位前移,当Pd：Pt=15：1时氧化电流出现极值;同时,随着催化剂中CeO2含量的增加,催化剂对于HCOOH氧化的电流密度增加,当含量为15%时达到最大值.相对于Pd/C催化剂,在Pd15Pt1/15CeO2-C催化剂表面的甲酸氧化反应起始电位负移至少0.1V,氧化的电流密度提高60%以上.结合X射线衍射（XRD）,X射线光电子能谱（XPS）,透射电镜（TEM）和热重（TG）等测试数据可以发现,当极少量的Pt与Pd形成合金,Pt与Pd之间产生电子效应,使得合金表面HCOOH氧化的过电位降低;而CeO2的添加不仅有助于PdPt二元合金的分散,更有可能改变甲酸在PdPt表面的氧化反应路径,发挥双功能机理.     

相位延迟器在四频激光陀螺中的应用研究

介绍了典型相位延迟器1／4波片和90°相位延迟膜的工作原理,定义了四频激光陀螺输出信号解调信噪比,分析了相位延迟量对其造成的影响,并就此结果进行了MATLAB仿真。从两种相位延迟器的工作原理出发,阐述了温度、入射角、入射光波长等因素对两者相位延迟量的影响。结合激光陀螺在实际应用中的要求,对两者进行了比较,并得出结论：90°相位延迟膜更适合作为四频激光陀螺输出解调系统中的相位延迟器。     

Relative position determination of a lunar rover using high-accuracy multi-frequency same-beam VLBI

Multi-frequency same-beam VLBI means that two explorers with a small separation angle are simultaneously observed with the main beam of receiving antennas. In the same-beam VLBI, the differential phase delay between two explorers and two receiving telescopes can be obtained with a small error of several picoseconds. The differential phase delay, as the observable of the same-beam VLBI, gives the separation angular information of the two explorers in the celestial sphere. The two-dimensional relative position on the plane-of-sky can thus be precisely determined with an error of less than 1 m for a distance of 3.8×105 km far away from the earth, by using the differential phase delay obtained with the four Chinese VLBI stations. The relative position of a lunar rover on the lunar surface can be determined with an error of 10 m by using the differential phase delay data and the range data for the lander when the lunar topography near the rover and the lander can be determined with an error of 10 m.     

Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Fe-N-C Cathode in Long-durable Direct Glycol Fuel Cells

The oxygen reduction reaction in direct glycol fuel cells heavily relies on noble metal-based electrocatalysts. In this work, novel Pt group metal-free catalysts based on porous Fe-N-C materials are successfully synthesized as catalysts with high activity and durability for the cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Through the encapsulation of NH₄SCN salt, the surface elements and pore structure of the catalyst are effectively changed, and the active sites of Fe effectively are increased. The half-wave potential of the best Fe-N-C catalyst was –0.02 V vs. Hg/HgO in an alkaline environment. The porous Fe-N-C catalyst possesses a large specific surface area(1158 m²/g) and shows good activity and tolerance to glycol. The direct glycol fuel cell with the Fe-N-C cathode achieved a maximum power density of 62.2 mW/cm² with 4 mol/L KOH and 4 mol/L glycol solution at 25 °C and maintained discharge for more than 250 h at a 50 A/cm² current density.