A Low-Hysteresis and Highly Stretchable Ionogel Enabled by Well Dispersed Slidable Cross-Linker for Rapid Human-Machine Interaction

Ionic conductive soft materials for mimicking human skin are a promising topic since they can be thought of as a possible basis for biomimetic sensing. In pursuit of devices with a long working range and low signal delay, conductive materials with low hysteresis and good stretchability are highly demanded. To overcome the challenges of highly stretchable conductive materials with good resilience, herein a chemical design is proposed where polyrotaxanes act as topological cross-linkers to enhance the stretchability by sliding-induced reduced stress concentration while the compatible ionic liquid is introduced as a dispersant for low hysteresis. The obtained ionogels exhibit versatile properties more than low hysteresis (residual strain = 7%) and good stretchability (550%), and also anti-fatigue, biocompatibility, and good adhesion. The low hysteresis is attributed to lower energy dissipation from the well-dispersed polyrotaxanes by compatible ionic liquids. The mechanism provides a new insight in fabricating highly stretchable and low-hysteresis slide-ring materials. Furthermore, the conductivity of the ionogels and their responses to strains and temperatures are measured. Benefiting from the good conductivity and low hysteresis, the ionogel is applied to develop a wireless communication system to realize rapid human-machine interactions.     

Spring-Like Ammonium Salt Assisting Stress Release for Low-Temperature Deposited FAPbI3 Films Toward Flexible Photovoltaic Application

The substrates of conventional flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) are thermoplastic polymer material polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), which will deform during high temperature annealing process. In addition, lead iodide (PbI₂) permanently formed and the substrate undergoes reversible deformation from 20 °C to 200 °C and back to 20 °C. Therefore, to balance the substrate supporting capacity and the crystalline quality of narrow band gap α-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI₃), an annealing process of 120 °C for 30 minutes is determined. Additionally, there will also be a large number of gaps and lattice strain at the perovskite grain boundaries during the annealing process as the FAPbI₃ phase transition is accompanied by much lattice shrinkage. As a result, 1,6-hexanediammonium diiodide (HADI) is chosen to passivate the defects and release the stress of perovskite film. Therefore, a recorded 1.4% extended stretch rate of the flexible film is attained. Finally, the champion PCE of 21.14% under AM 1.5G and 31.52% under 1062 lux is achieved after HADI treatment, accompanied by a better long-term and mechanical stability. This study provides annealing process optimization and stress relief strategies for the further development of narrow band gap FPSCs.     

A Hybrid Strategy-Based Ultra-Narrow Stretchable Microelectrodes with Cell-Level Resolution

Stretchable ultra-narrow (e.g., 10 µm in width) microelectrodes are crucial for the electrophysiological monitoring of single cells providing the fundamental understanding to the working mechanism of neuro network or other electrically functional cells. Current fabrication strategies either focus on the preparation of normal stretchable electrodes with hundreds of micrometers or millimeters in width by using inorganic conductive materials or develop conductive organic polymer gel for ultra-narrow electrodes which suffer from low stretchability and instability for long-term implantation, therefore, it is still highly desirable to explore bio-interfacial ultra-narrow stretchable inorganic electrodes. Herein, a hybrid strategy is reported to prepare ultra-narrow multi-channel stretchable microelectrodes without using photolithography or laser-assisting etching. A 10 µm × 10 µm monitoring window is fabricated with enhanced interfacial impedance by the special rough surface. The stretchability achieves to 120% for this 10 µm-width stretchable electrode. Supported by these superior properties, it is demonstrated that the stretchable microelectrodes can detect electrophysiological signals of single cells in vitro and collect electrophysiological signals more precisely in vivo. The reported strategy will open up the accessible preparation of the fine-size stretchable microelectrode. It will significantly improve the resolution of monitoring and stimulation of inorganic stretchable electrodes.     

基于MCX314的PCI运动控制卡设计

文中设计了一种基于MCX314的 PCI运动控制卡,其能实现三轴直线、圆弧、位模式的插补运动和四轴位置、速度、加速度控制,并从MCX314控制指令系统、硬件接口电路设计、PCI接口电路设计和驱动程序的开发等方面进行了介绍。该运动控制卡的设计实现了对机电一体化设备的精确控制,降低了设备开发成本,具有一定的应用价值。     

光电导太赫兹源回路电感对其辐射特性的影响

光电导太赫兹源（Photo-Conductive Antenna,PCA）已广泛用于太赫兹时域光谱系统（THz-TDS）。在THz-TDS系统中,处于偏置状态的PCA被飞秒激光触发因光生载流子,在偏置电场下的加速运动而向自由空间辐射太赫兹波,同时在PCA偏置回路中形成脉冲电流。通常给PCA加载偏置电压的回路有不同结构的电路设计,导致PCA装架的基板回路不可避免地存在一定电感,由此引起的电磁惯性会显著影响回路中脉冲电流的脉宽,电流脉冲的脉宽会随回路电感的增大而展宽。那么PCA回路电感是否会影响PCA向自由空间辐射THz波的特性,这是设计PCA基板电路面临的问题所在。本文尝试在PCA回路中加入不同电感值的电感元件,通过实验测试了PCA辐射THz波的时域波形和频谱,结果表明,PCA回路电感的数值对PCA辐射THz波没有明显影响,从而对不同场合应用的PCA基板结构和电路设计提供了实验基础。     

ADS-B延迟转发电文检测及干扰台定位方法

广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)技术因明码广播特点,面临较严重的电子欺骗风险.针对延迟转发电文的检测与相应干扰台定位问题,根据ADS-B地面站接收电文的位置间隔的分布特点,该文提出利用顺序电文间瞬时速度与关注期内平均速度间的差异性检测延迟转发电文的方法.根据延迟转发电文的原始电文位置与干扰台间的空间关系,利用ADS-B地面站获取的延迟转发电文位置及时间戳,采用多点定位技术实现对干扰台定位.仿真结果表明,利用瞬时速度与平均速度间的差异性可以有效地实现对延迟转发电文存在与否的检测,干扰台的定位精度与ADS-B地面站的定时精度、采用定位的电文数目、干扰台与航线间距离和干扰台方位等因素有关,且采用正视区域的位置电文可以获得对干扰台较好的定位性能.该文方法可以使ADS-B地面站独立地检测延迟转发干扰和定位相应干扰台.     

Implementation and decoding method of OCC system based on MIMO

The application of high-frame-rate cameras as well as the complex image processing techniques will lead to a series of problems, such as high system cost and long transmission delay. In this paper, we introduce narrow-band filtering technology to reduce the impact of optical noise and reduce the complexity of image processing from the physical level. We also introduce multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology into the optical camera communication (OCC) system to increase system transmission rate, and propose a light emitting diode (LED) array decoding algorithm based on the directional projection method to reduce the system delay. By accumulating the target pixel values in each row and column of the image, the proposed method then determines the position and boundary of the detected target to distinguish the target area from the background. Experimental results indicate that the communication distance can reach up to 5.5 m without error bits detected. When the LED array at the transmitter of this system flashes at a frequency of 12 Hz, the transmission rate can reach 126.32 bit/s.     

Numerical research on mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in Ge11.5As24Se64.5 few-mode photonic crystal fibers

Based on the nonlinear and mode coupling effect in few-mode photonic crystal fiber (FM-PCF), an approach for supercontinuum (SC) generation in the mid-infrared (MIR) region is proposed. The propagation characteristics of Ge11.5As24Se64.5 FM-PCF have been analyzed and optimized by the full-vector finite element method. The two-mode generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation (TM-GNLSE) is set up, and the SC generation has been analyzed by the split-step Fourier method. The SC from 1.80 μm to 11.32 μm is generated by pumping 3.0-cm-long fiber at the central wavelength of 3.0 μm, the peak power of 120 W, and the pulse duration of 250 fs.     

Polymer passivation of defects in inorganic perovskite solar cells

Inorganic perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) have attained attention due to their excellent thermal and phase stability. In this work, we demonstrate a novel approach for fabricating IPSCs, using the strategies of interface passivation and anti-solvent before spin-coating perovskite. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and chlorobenzene (CB) are used as passivator and anti-solvent, respectively. The CB improves the perovskite crystal morphology. Meanwhile, PMMA passivates the defects between poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and perovskite layer, thus increasing the short-circuit current. Excitingly, we find that PMMA benefits the grain boundaries (GBs) of perovskite, which makes it more humidity-resistant, increasing the stability of perovskite film. Especially, PMMA mitigates interfacial charge losses, and the devices based on CsPbI3-xBrx passivated by PMMA exhibit the power conversion efficiency (PCE) much higher than those based on pure CsPbI3-xBrx.     

“轨道角动量:从经典光学到量子信息”专辑前言北大核心CSCD

光子既是经典信息也是量子信息的理想载体。单个光子不仅可以携带自旋角动量,还可以携带轨道角动量。自旋角动量的研究历史比较悠久,早在1909年, Poynting就将宏观上光波的圆偏振态和微观上单个光子的自旋角动量联系起来。但直到1992年,荷兰Leidon大学的Allen等才在理论上确认光子也可以携带另外一种形式的角动量――轨道角动量,它来源于光波的螺旋相位。