Nation-Teflon bimembrane-supported palladium catalysts for Suzuki coupling reactions

Nation-Teflon bimembrane was used as an efficient support for the preparation and application of heterogeneous palladium catalysts.The supported palladium catalysts exhibit high activity and stability in the Suzuki cross-coupling of aryl bromides with arylboronic acids to afford the corresponding biaryls in good to excellent yields,and can be readily recovered and reused several times without significant loss of activity.     

Long-range dispersion coefficients for like centrosymmetric linear molecules and an application to H2-H2

The real spherical tensor theory of long-range intermolecular coefficients developed in previous papers is applied to derive explicit formulae for the first three dispersion coefficients for like centrosymmetric linear molecules. The expansion of angle-dependent coefficients in associated Legendre polynomials allows one to identify the isotropic and anisotropic components of the dispersion interaction in terms of London dispersion constants, the treatment of higher coefficients being simplified by the coupling of the elementary (l, l′)-polarizations to resultant angular momenta L_A and L_B onto each molecule. The contributions from all coupling schemes are given explicitly for C₆, C₈, C₁₀, and numerical results are presented for H₂-H₂ using two-term reduced spectra values from the Kaiserlautern group.     

高温固相法合成LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2及其性能研究

采用高温固相法合成出层状锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂。通过XRD、ICP、SEM和电化学测试手段对产物的结构、组成、形貌及电化学性能进行了研究。XRD结果表明此方法合成的LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂具有标准的α-NaFeO₂型层状结构，SEM照片显示颗粒粒径大约在500 nm左右，粒径分布较窄。以20 mA·g^-1电流密度放电，充放电电压在2.8～4.4 V之间，其首次放电比容量为170 mAh·g^-1，40次循环容量保持率为85.3%。进一步加入石墨导电剂后，同样条件下首次放电比容量变为179 mAh·g^-1，50次循环容量保持率为89.6%。容量衰减主要发生在前10次循环。XRD和SEM测试表明循环初期容量衰减的原因是由材料本体结构变化和界面反应共同作用的结果。     

X-射线荧光光谱法测定钛铁中的硅、锰、磷、铝

介绍用X-射线荧光光谱仪测定钛铁中Si、Mn、P、Al含量的方法,通过试验确定了合适的研磨时间、压力和保压时间,用压片法制样,建立了各元素的工作曲线,各元素的测定范围分别为Si3.00%～6.00%,Mn1.00%～3.00%,P0.030%～0.070%,Al5.00%～9.00%。通过强度测量得到测定Si、Mn、P、Al的相对标准偏差分别为0.074%、0.308%、0.383%、0.040%,精密度满足测试要求。将该方法测定结果与化学法比对,准确度满足国家标准方法分析误差的要求。     

Reducing a chemical master equation by invariant manifold methods

We study methods for reducing chemical master equations using the Michaelis-Menten mechanism as an example. The master equation consists of a set of linear ordinary differential equations whose variables are probabilities that the realizable states exist. For a master equation with s(0) initial substrate molecules and e(0) initial enzyme molecules, the manifold can be parametrized by s(0) of the probability variables. Fraser's functional iteration method is found to be difficult to use for master equations of high dimension. Building on the insights gained from Fraser's method, techniques are developed to produce s(0)-dimensional manifolds of larger systems directly from the eigenvectors. We also develop a simple, but surprisingly effective way to generate initial conditions for the reduced models.     

排序集抽样下Inverse Rayleigh分布的Fisher信息量及其在参数估计中的应用

文章分别在简单随机抽样和排序集抽样下研究了Inverse Rayleigh分布中对应样本所含刻度参数θ的Fisher信息量.数值结果表示,同等样本容量的排序集样本比简单随机样本提供更多关于θ的信息.接着分别基于简单随机样本和排序集样本构造了θ的一些优良估计,并对估计结果进行了数值比较.     

视觉对比度机制小目标增强与背景抑制综述北大核心CSCD

复杂背景中的红外弱小目标因亮度低、尺寸小、可用特征少而难以检测。如何在检测中抑制背景杂波、提高目标信噪比成为该领域的研究热点与难点。本文对基于人类视觉系统对比度机制的小目标增强与背景抑制技术的演进和性能进行了归纳与分析。局部对比度测度窗口由单尺度向多尺度,乃至动态或自适应尺度的发展,满足应用中对未知尺寸小目标同步快速检测的需要;局部对比度测度计算方法由简单到复杂、依据低阶信息到采用高阶信息的变化,有利于更全面地抑制复杂背景、进一步增强目标。因此,将成为未来人类视觉对比度机制小目标检测算法的发展方向。     

能量耦合模型的飞秒激光烧蚀面齿轮形貌研究北大核心CSCD

飞秒激光精微加工面齿轮材料18Cr2Ni4WA是去除材料的先进制造方法。本文依据烧蚀凹坑的深度与宽度和激光能量密度的关系得到材料的烧蚀阈值和影响重叠率的因素。考虑齿轮材料成分间互温感应效应与多脉冲激光累积效应,建立材料的能量复耦合模型。通过改变激光能量密度和脉冲数,研究飞秒激光烧蚀凹坑及齿面形貌表面的变化规律,得出脉冲数对烧蚀效果影响小,激光能量密度为1.730 J/cm2激光功率为1.9 W脉冲数N=3000进行烧蚀效果最好可得到最优的实际烧蚀面深度为17.604μm。     

In Situ Polymerizing Internal Encapsulation Strategy Enables Stable Perovskite Solar Cells toward Lead Leakage Suppression

Despite the outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved over the years, unsatisfactory stability and lead toxicity remain obstacles that limit their competitiveness and large-scale practical deployment. In this study, in situ polymerizing internal encapsulation (IPIE) is developed as a holistic approach to overcome these challenges. The uniform polymer internal package layer constructed by thermally triggered cross-linkable monomers not only solidifies the ionic perovskite crystalline by strong electron-withdrawing/donating chemical sites, but also acts as a water penetration and ion migration barrier to prolong shelf life under harsh environments. The optimized MAPbI₃ and FAPbI₃ devices with IPIE treatment yield impressive efficiencies of 22.29% and 24.12%, respectively, accompanied by remarkably enhanced environmental and mechanical stabilities. In addition, toxic water-soluble lead leakage is minimized by the synergetic effect of the physical encapsulation wall and chemical chelation conferred by the IPIE. Hence, this strategy provides a feasible route for preparing efficient, stable, and eco-friendly PSCs.