流量管理SoC设计者越来越大的梦魇

SoC（系统级芯片）在先于它出现的板级计算机上开始了自己的生命;作为一个中央处理器,其CPU总线连接到本地内存与外设控制器。从此以后,这种以CPU为中心、面向总线的架构一直是很多SoC的优先规划。     

GLSMs for partial flag manifolds

In this paper we outline some aspects of nonabelian gauged linear sigma models. First, we review how partial flag manifolds (generalizing Grassmannians) are described physically by nonabelian gauged linear sigma models, paying attention to realizations of tangent bundles and other aspects pertinent to (0, 2) models. Second, we review constructions of Calabi–Yau complete intersections within such flag manifolds, and properties of the gauged linear sigma models. We discuss a number of examples of nonabelian GLSMs in which the Kähler phases are not birational, and in which at least one phase is realized in some fashion other than as a complete intersection, extending previous work of Hori–Tong. We also review an example of an abelian GLSM exhibiting the same phenomenon. We tentatively identify the mathematical relationship between such non-birational phases, as examples of Kuznetsov’s homological projective duality. Finally, we discuss linear sigma model moduli spaces in these gauged linear sigma models. We argue that the moduli spaces being realized physically by these GLSMs are precisely Quot and hyperquot schemes, as one would expect mathematically.     

Interaction of self-assembled monolayers of DNA with electrons: HREELS and XPS studies

We present results from high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and XPS studies of self-assembled monolayers of DNA. The monolayers are well-organized and display sharp vibrational peaks in the HREEL spectra. The electrons interact mainly with the backbone of the DNA. The XPS results indicate that, in most of the samples studied, the phosphates on the DNA are not charged.     

Monitoring ALA-induced PpIX photodynamic therapy in the rat esophagus using fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy

The presence of phased protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) bleach kinetics has been shown to correlate with esophageal response to 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) in animal models. Here we confirm the existence of phased PpIX photobleaching by increasing the temporal resolution of the fluorescence measurements using the therapeutic illumination and long wavelength fluorescence detection. Furthermore fluorescence differential pathlength spectroscopy (FDPS) was incorporated to provide information on the effects of PpIX and tissue oxygenation distribution on the PpIX bleach kinetics during illumination. ALA at a dose of 200 mg kg(-1) was orally administered to 15 rats, five rats served as control animals. PDT was performed at an in situ measured fluence rate of 75 mW cm(-2) using a total fluence of 54 J cm(-2). Forty-eight hours after PDT the esophagus was excised and histologically examined for PDT-induced damage. Fluence rate and PpIX photobleaching at 705 nm were monitored during therapeutic illumination with the same isotropic probe. A new method, FDPS, was used for superficial measurement on saturation, blood volume, scattering characteristics and PpIX fluorescence. Results showed two-phased PpIX photobleaching that was not related to a (systematic) change in esophageal oxygenation but was associated with an increase in average blood volume. PpIX fluorescence photobleaching measured using FDPS, in which fluorescence signals are only acquired from the superficial layers of the esophagus, showed lower rates of photobleaching and no distinct phases. No clear correlation between two-phased photobleaching and histologic tissue response was found. This study demonstrates the feasibility of measuring fluence rate, PpIX fluorescence and FDPS during PDT in the esophagus. We conclude that the spatial distribution of PpIX significantly influences the kinetics of photobleaching and that there is a complex interrelationship between the distribution of PpIX and the supply of oxygen to the illuminated tissue volume.     

Heterobimetallic Complexes: Substitution Effects in the [Tetracarbonylrhodiumbis{μ‐(diphenylphosphino)}{μ‐(η:η2‐(4‐diphenylphosphino‐κP)‐2‐methyl‐oxobutyl)}molybdenum](Mo‐Rh) System

Syntheses of the array of heterobimetallic complexes [(OC)₃M(μ‐PPh₂)₂(μ‐O‐C(CHMe(CH₂)₂PPh₂)RhL], M = Cr, Mo, W, L = ^tBuNC, are described, extending the previous study of the counterpart array for L = CO. A single crystal X‐ray structure determination is reported for the M = Mo adduct, enabling comparison with its previously reported L = CO counterpart, for which an improved redetermination is also reported. In the present complex the ^tBuNC ligand is found to be much more weakly bound (Rh‐C 2.026(5) Å) than the carbonyl group it displaces (Rh‐C 1.945(2) Å) with concomitant minor impact on the remainder of the rhodium ambience.     

On the benefits of acquiring peptide fragment ions at high measured mass accuracy

The advantages and disadvantages of acquiring tandem mass spectra by collision-induced dissociation (CID) of peptides in linear ion trap Fourier-transform hybrid instruments are described. These instruments offer the possibility to transfer fragment ions from the linear ion trap to the FT-based analyzer for analysis with both high resolution and high mass accuracy. In addition, performing CID during the transfer of ions from the linear ion trap (LTQ) to the FT analyzer is also possible in instruments containing an additional collision cell (i.e., the "C-trap" in the LTQ-Orbitrap), resulting in tandem mass spectra over the full m/z range and not limited by the ejection q value of the LTQ. Our results show that these scan modes have lower duty cycles than tandem mass spectra acquired in the LTQ with nominal mass resolution, and typically result in fewer peptide identifications during data-dependent analysis of complex samples. However, the higher measured mass accuracy and resolution provides more specificity and hence provides a lower false positive ratio for the same number of true positives during database search of peptide tandem mass spectra. In addition, the search for modified and unexpected peptides is greatly facilitated with this data acquisition mode. It is therefore concluded that acquisition of tandem mass spectral data with high measured mass accuracy and resolution is a competitive alternative to "classical" data acquisition strategies, especially in situations of complex searches from large databases, searches for modified peptides, or for peptides resulting from unspecific cleavages.     

Sign changes in sums of the Liouville function

The Liouville function is the completely multiplicative function whose value is at each prime. We develop some algorithms for computing the sum , and use these methods to determine the smallest positive integer where . This answers a question originating in some work of Turán, who linked the behavior of to questions about the Riemann zeta function. We also study the problem of evaluating Pólya's sum , and we determine some new local extrema for this function, including some new positive values.