Rigorous Generalization of Young's Law for Heterogeneous and Rough Substrates

We consider a SOS type model of interfaces on a substrate which is both heterogeneous and rough. We first show that, for appropriate values of the parameters, the differential wall tension that governs wetting on such a substrate satisfies a generalized law which combines both Cassie and Wenzel laws. Then in the case of an homogeneous substrate, we show that this differential wall tension satisfies either the Wenzel's law or the Cassie's law, according to the values of the parameters.     

Photochromic reverse mode polymer dispersed liquid crystals

Control of light intensity and colour are two of the major features required in the realization of smart windows. We designed a bi-functional polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film in order to satisfy such requirements, i.e. it is able both to modulate the optical transmission, if an external electric field is applied, and to change colour if exposed to sunlight. A monomer/liquid crystal mixture was doped with a small amount of photochromic material and homeotropically aligned by means of rough surfaces. A transparent and pale pink coloured film was achieved after photopolymerization. Such a film changes colour upon exposure for some seconds to sunlight or ultraviolet radiation in a persistent but reversible manner. In addition, the film appears transparent without the application of an electric field (OFF state) and becomes opaque on application of a driving voltage of about 75 V (ON state), and thus the film operates in reverse mode with respect to conventional PDLCs.     

Practical accuracy analysis of some existing effective channellength and series resistance extraction methods for MOSFET's

A method to analyze the accuracy of the extracted values for the channel length (L_eff) and series resistance (R_s) of MOSFET devices is presented. The analysis is based on a statistical argument being the variance σ of the extracted results. This variance is found to be a good measure for the accuracy of the particular extraction method used. It is shown that, in the case of deep submicron technologies, errors as large as 200 nm for ΔL can be made for these extraction methods depending on the process design and the process control. The use of a single transistor method is suggested as a possible solution to the low accuracy of the L-array methods     

Some classes of non general type codimension two subvarieties inP n

We classify smooth subvarieties of codimension twoX⊂P ⁿ , 4≤n≤5, which are arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay and of non general type. By the way we exhibit some classes of non extendable subvarieties. Then we give new proofs of the classification of scrolls inP ⁴; finally we consider smooth surfaces of non general type inP ⁴ arising from rank three vector bundles.

---

Sunto Classifichiamo le sottovarietà lisce di codimensione dueX⊂P ⁿ , 4≤n≤5, aritmeticamente Cohen-Macaulay e non di tipo generale. Nel contempo descriviamo alcune classi di sottovarietà non estendibili. Diamo poi due nuove dimostrazioni della classificazione degli scrolls inP ⁴; infine consideriamo superfici lisce inP ⁴, non di tipo generale, associate a fibrati di rango tre.

     

Mechanosynthesis of YIG and GdIG: A Structural and Mössbauer Study

We have investigated the mechanosynthesis of gadolinium and yttrium iron garnets by high-energy ball-milling of α-Fe₂O₃ and Gd₂O₃ or α-Fe₂O₃ and Y₂O₃, respectively, followed by short thermal annealings conducted at moderate temperatures. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy, in order to determine the influence of the milling time and annealing conditions on the final products. For as-milled samples of each rare-earth system, the results revealed the formation of perovskite phases, in relative amounts that depend on the milling time. The formation of garnet phases was observed in as-annealed samples treated at 1000°C for 2 h or 1100°C for 3 h, i.e., at very modest annealing requirements when compared with ordinary solid-state-reaction processes performed without previous high-energy milling. Also, the occurrence was verified of a milling time for which the relative amount of garnet phases formed by annealing was maximized. This time depends on the rare-earth composing the garnet phase and on the annealing temperature.     

Studies on the chemical constituents of the South China Sea sponge Phacellia fusca

Three pyrrololactam alkaloids have been isolated from the marine sponge Phacellia fusca Schmidt collected from the South China Sea, and their structures were determined as 1–3 , on the grounds of spectral data. This is the first report of these compounds from this sponge. The structure of 1 was confirmed by X-ray analysis.     

Two- and three-dimensional analysis of bose-einstein correlations inπ +/K+p interactions at 250 GeV/c

The NA22 data onπ ^? π ^? correlations are analyzed in terms of a number of two- and three-dimensional parametrizations (Gaussian space-time, Goldhaber, Bowler string-like, Bertsch hydrodynamical, Kopylov-Podgoretskii, etc.). Contrary to the results obtained for e⁺e^? andµp collisions, the Goldhaber parametrization, as well as string-like models, fail in describing the hadron-hadron data. Better fits are obtained in the framework of surface-emitting fireball-like models, both when including and excluding hydrodynamical expansion of nuclear matter. Our results indicate that pion radiation occurs at earlier stages of matter evolution than in nuclear collisions.     

Self-calibration techniques for a second-order multibit sigma-deltamodulator

Design techniques for self-calibration of the digital-to-analog converter DAC in a multibit sigma-delta modulator are described. When used in conjunction with dynamic element matching, self-calibration provides linearity performance suitable for digital audio applications. The dynamic element matching circuitry provides the mechanism of determining device mismatch for self-calibration. Practical circuit details and an effective calibration method are discussed. Test results from a l-μm CMOS test chip are presented. In this test system, a second-order loop with a 3-b quantizer achieves an 89-dB dynamic range and -91-dB harmonic distortion after calibration. In addition, a new method of detecting the presence of tones is described, using the entropy of the spectrum of the decimation filter output     

Frame Wavelets with Compact Supports for L^2（R^n）

The construction of frame wavelets with compact supports is a meaningful problem in wavelet analysis. In particular, it is a hard work to construct the frame wavelets with explicit analytic forms. For a given n × n real expansive matrix A, the frame-sets with respect to A are a family of sets in R^n. Based on the frame-sets, a class of high-dimensional frame wavelets with analytic forms are constructed, which can be non-bandlimited, or even compactly supported. As an application, the construction is illustrated by several examples, in which some new frame wavelets with compact supports are constructed. Moreover, since the main result of this paper is about general dilation matrices, in the examples we present a family of frame wavelets associated with some non-integer dilation matrices that is meaningful in computational geometry.