Preliminary molecular replacement results for a crystalline gene 4 protein-deoxyoligonucleotide complex.

Complexes of the gene 5 protein from bacteriophage fd with a variety of oligodeoxynucleotides, ranging in length from two to eight and comprised of several different sequences, have been formed and crystallized for X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystallographic parameters of four different unit cells, all of which are based on hexagonal packing arrangements, indicate that the fundamental unit of the complex is composed of six gene 5 protein dimers. We believe this aggregate has 622 point group symmetry and is a ring formed by end-to-end closure of a linear array of six dimers. From our results we have proposed a double-helix model for the gene 5 protein-DNA complex in which the protein forms a spindle or core around which the DNA is spooled. Currently 5.0-A X-ray diffraction data from one of the crystalline complexes is being analyzed by molecular replacement techniques to obtain a direct image of the protein-nucleic acid complex.     

A new self-consistent modeling approach to investigating MOSFETdegradation

A modeling tool is presented that allows a complete analysis of a DC stress experiment without assuming the location and amount of trapped oxide charges and interface states. To describe the buildup of oxide damage, a semiempirical rate equation approach is outlined. A completely self-consistent calculation is presented of the time dependence of the DC stress experiment. This calculation monitors the amount and location of charges built up in the 2-D oxide region during the stress line. The model includes competing trap mechanisms such as the formation of interface states and fixed oxide traps. This permits consideration of n- and p-channel MOSFETs with the same model. The calculations are compared to DC stress measurements on n- and p-channel devices with gate lengths of 0.65 μm that are typical for 16-Mb DRAMs     

Treanor pumping of CO initiated by CO laser excitation

An experiment is discussed in which CO can be excited up to energies of several electronvolts by the absorption of infrared radiation from a relatively low-power CO laser. Furthermore, experimental results are examined through kinetic modelling. In the experiment, the beam of an intracavity-chopped CO laser operating on all lines at 500 mW and containing a few milliwatts of the fundamental ν= 1→0 band component, is focused into an absorption cell containing a mixture of CO and Ar. The absorption of this infrared radiation is monitored by the optoacoustic effect. A second CO laser operating cw and capable of providing 8 W on all lines but not lasing on the ν= 1→0 band component, is then focused into the same volume in the absorption cell. With both lasers simultaneously focused into the absorption cell, strong fluorescence from the irradiated region is detected by a photomultiplier tube. Modulation of the signal intensity with time is observed, and indicates chemical destruction of the CO in the cell. An analysis and kinetic modelling calculation of this experiment shows that it is possible to excite CO up to high vibrational quantum numbers (ν40) at gas temperatures up to 800 K. by means of CO laser irradiation at the fundamental ν= 1→0 band component. One source responsible for the fluorescence signal observed in the experiment is identified as the 4th positive A ¹Π→X ¹Σ⁺ spontaneous emission. Although the present kinetic model does not incorporate the chemical processes that may lead to the production of additional fluorescing species such as C₂, good agreement is obtained with the observed fluorescence signal characteristics.     

Atom Probe Tomography of Zinc Oxide Nanowires

Wide-bandgap zinc oxide (ZnO) semiconductors and nanowires have become important materials for electronic and photonic device applications. In this work, we report the growth of well-aligned single-crystal ZnO nanowire arrays on sapphire substrates by chemical vapor deposition and the development of atom probe tomography, an emerging nanoscale characterization method capable of providing deeper insight into the three-dimensional distribution of atoms and impurities within its structure. Using a metal-catalyst-free approach, the influence of the growth parameters on the orientation and density of the nanowires were studied. The resulting ZnO nanowires were determined to be single crystalline, with diameter on the order of 50 nm to 150 nm and length that could be controlled between 0.5 μm to 20 μm. Their density was on the order of high 10⁸ cm⁻² to low 10⁹ cm⁻². In addition to routine characterizations using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy, we developed the atom probe tomography technique for ZnO nanowires, comparing the voltage pulse and laser pulse modes. In-depth analysis of the data was carried out to determine the accurate chemical composition of the nanowires and reveal the incorporation of nitrogen impurities. The current–voltage characteristics of individual nanowires were measured to determine their electrical properties.     

Observation of the neutron radiative decay

The aim of this work is the experimental observation of and research into a rare neutron mode, the radiative beta decay, where a new particle, the radiative gamma quantum, is formed along with the expected decay products: a beta electron, a recoil proton, and an antineutrino. The discovery of this rare neutron decay mode was conducted through identification of triple-coincidence events: simultaneous registration of a beta electron, a proton, and a radiative gamma quantum. The ordinary neutron decay was registered by double coincidences of a beta electron and a recoil proton. The statistics collected allow one to deduce the branching ratio (BR) BR = (3.2 ± 1.6) × 10⁻³ (90% C.L.) in the gamma energy region greater than 35 keV. This value of BR is consistent with standard electroweak theory. The text was submitted by the authors in English. An erratum to this article is available at .     

低功耗技术-是鸡还是蛋?

当前和可预见的未来,便携式装置的设计者们都面临着一个可怕的挑战--全球的消费者在对尺寸更小、价格更低、功能特色更为丰富而且电池寿命更长的便携式装置的追求上总是贪得无厌.像真人电视秀一样,同一种产品上的设计迭代次数将呈指数式增长.     

Controlling influences in bisspiroketal formation: synthesis of the ABC ring system of azaspiracid

Substitution effects on the stereochemical outcome of bisspiroketalization on the C₁-C₁₇ carbon backbone of azaspiracid is presented. A possible explanation is offered to explain the observed stereochemical outcome.