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991.
992.
993.
The diffusion of Ni on a Si (111) surface is investigated by LEED and Auger electron spectroscopy. It is found that, in contrast
to the process on the initially clean Si (111)−7×7 surface, on Si (111) surfaces with submonolayer Co coverages the nature
of the Ni transport mechanism changes at a temperature of about 750 °C, and the Ni surface diffusion coefficients increase
sharply below this temperature.
Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 66, No. 9, 611–614 (10 November 1997) 相似文献
994.
The Q-band electron spin echo (ESE) spectrometer which was created using modern microwave components is described. This simple incoherent apparatus was used with the X-band one for the study of phosphate and silicate glasses doped with non-Kramers rare earth Tb3+ ions. the EPR spectra measured by the ESE method have frequency independent peaks. The experimental results presumably show the existence of several types of paramagnetic centers in studied systems. 相似文献
995.
We consider a new method for producing intensity stabilization of cw lasers. This method incorporates negative feedback from a nonlinear saturable absorber to provide wideband noise-reduction and may produce an output beam for which shot noise is below the quantum limit. This new method can be used with a large variety of cw lasers and is particularly applicable to frequency-stabilized lasers which are locked to absorption lines.Permanent address: Institute of Laser Physics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia 相似文献
996.
The transient subthreshold response of spherical and cylindricalcell models to extracellular stimulation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effect of extracellular stimulation on excitable tissue is evaluated using analytical models. Primary emphasis is placed on the determination of the rate of rise of the membrane potential in response to subthreshold stimulation. Three models are studied: 1) a spherical cell in a uniform electric field, 2) an infinite cylindrical fiber with a point source stimulus, and 3) a finite length cable with sealed ends and a stimulus electrode at each end. Results show that the rate of rise of the transmembrane potential was more rapid than the step response of a space-clamped membrane for all geometries considered. The response of the cylindrical fiber to extracellular stimulation is compared to previously reported studies of the cylindrical fiber response to intracellular stimulation. It is found that the location of the stimulus has little effect on the infinite fiber response. For terminated cables, however, an accurate model of stimulus response must discriminate between intracellular and extracellular stimulation. 相似文献
997.
Durand D.J. Sandell R.D. Heflinger L. Silver A.H. 《Applied Superconductivity, IEEE Transactions on》1992,2(2):106-110
Single-flux quantum devices are used in superconductive analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), shift registers, and memory cells. They have been proposed for logic applications. The authors report the performance of high-speed superconducting, single-flux quantum (SFQ) ripple counters. Both memory and logic functions of the counter are investigated. Errors in logic operation produce bit error rates (BERs) as low as 0.22 errors per million binary operations, measured while counting 100-MHz pseudorandom input pulses. Errors in memory function do not occur on the time scale of the measurements. The BER is shown to be nearly independent of input bit rate and pattern, but strongly dependent on the counter cell operating point 相似文献
998.
A model is reported to foresee ,for different mirror choices, the spectral properties of a high pressure, frequency tunable, CO2 laser, operating with a non-Littrow grating mounting. The calculations show a larger frequency selectivity for not collimated plane cavities. The model is experimentally verified in a suitable high pressure laser. In particular narrowed linewidths less than 300MHz ( FWHM) are obtained. 相似文献
999.
The purpose of the present study was to describe the effects ofacute laryngitis on some aerodynamic, acoustic, and perceptual measures. Eleven subjects with diagnosed acute laryngitis due to upper respiratory infection were recorded during a laryngitic episode and 1 week to 10 days after amelioration of the laryngitic condition. Fundamental frequency values, collapsed across the five vowels, were significantly reduced in the laryngitic compared with the normal speaking condition. The decrease in fundamental frequency associated with acute laryngitis suggests an increase in the mass of the vocal folds. In addition, aerodynamic values differed significantly for the laryngitic condition compared with the normal speaking condition, suggesting the presence of laryngeal hypofunction. Perceptual data indicated that speakers in the laryngitic condition were judged to have a hoarse voice when compared with the normal speaking condition. 相似文献
1000.
Parkansky N. Boxman R.L. Goldsmith S. Rosenberg Yu. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1997,25(4):543-547
Electrical contact lifetime is often directly determined by arc erosion. A method for reducing are erosion was developed consisting of injecting from an external current source an additional electrical current flowing parallel to the contact surface. This method was examined in three are environments using the additional transverse electrical current with a density less than 1 A/mm2: 1) automobile ignition contacts; 2) pulsed air arc; and 3) low pressure (P=100 mTorr) arc in nitrogen, SEM and X-ray examination showed that application of a transverse current in a contact during arcing changed the phase composition and microstructure of the contact surface. Under optimal conditions, the microstructure which is formed is significantly more erosion resistant than without the transverse current injection 相似文献