Liquid droplets vaporization under free molecule gas beam conditions

Summary The present piece of research studies the vaporization of liquid droplets under rarefied gas beam conditions. The time dependent aspect of the phenomenon has been taken into account. In fact, during the vaporization, variations of the droplet's temperature, with influence upon the diameter's reduction rate, can occur. Numerical calculations relating to water droplets' vaporization have been made taking into account various values of the incident energy flux. The study should be considered as a theoretical approach to the analysis of the gas-liquid surface interaction phenomena. Moreover, according to C. S. Kurzius and F. H. Raab [1], the work can find its application in the study of the blackout suppressant methods in re-entry space vehicles.

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Sommario La presente ricerca studia l'evaporazione di gocce liquide investite da un fascio molecolare ipertermico, rarefatto. Il fenomeno è studiato da un punto di vista non stazionario; infatti, durante la vaporizzazione, si ha una forte variazione della temperatura media della goccia con conseguente influenza sulla velocità di riduzione del diametro. Sono stati eseguiti calcoli numerici relativi alla evaporazione di gocce d'acqua in flusso di gas ipertermico per fissati valori del flusso di energia incidente. Il presente lavoro è da considerarsi come premessa teorica allo studio del fenomeno fisico di interazione superficiale gas-liquido. Inoltre, secondo C. S. Kurzius ed F. H. Raab [1], trova la sua applicazione nello studio dei metodi di eliminazione del blackout nel rientro dei veicoli spaziali.

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This work, sponsored by the Centro Studi sulla Dinamica dei Fluidi of C.N.R., is a re-elaborated copy of a paper presented at the 6th Int. Symposium on Molecular Beams (9–12 July 1973, Cannes, France).     

An Implicit Q Theorem for Hessenberg-like Matrices

The implicit Q theorem for Hessenberg matrices is a widespread and powerful theorem. It is used in the development of, for example, implicit QR algorithms to compute the eigendecomposition of Hessenberg matrices. Moreover it can also be used to prove the essential uniqueness of orthogonal similarity transformations of matrices to Hessenberg form. The theorem is also valid for symmetric tridiagonal matrices, proving thereby also in the symmetric case its power. Currently there is a growing interest to so-called semiseparable matrices. These matrices can be considered as the inverses of tridiagonal matrices. In a similar way, one can consider Hessenberg-like matrices as the inverses of Hessenberg matrices. In this paper, we formulate and prove an implicit Q theorem for the class of Hessenberg-like matrices. We introduce the notion of strongly unreduced Hessenberg-like matrices and also a method for transforming matrices via orthogonal transformations to this form is proposed. Moreover, as the theorem is valid for Hessenberg-like matrices it is also valid for symmetric semiseparable matrices. The research was partially supported by the Research Council K.U.Leuven, project OT/00/16 (SLAP: Structured Linear Algebra Package), by the Fund for Scientific Research–Flanders (Belgium), projects G.0078.01 (SMA: Structured Matrices and their Applications), G.0176.02 (ANCILA: Asymptotic aNalysis of the Convergence behavior of Iterative methods in numerical Linear Algebra), G.0184.02 (CORFU: Constructive study of Orthogonal Functions) and G.0455.0 (RHPH: Riemann-Hilbert problems, random matrices and Padé-Hermite approximation), and by the Belgian Programme on Interuniversity Poles of Attraction, initiated by the Belgian State, Prime Minister’s Office for Science, Technology and Culture, project IUAP V-22 (Dynamical Systems and Control: Computation, Identification & Modelling). This research was partially supported by by MIUR, grant number 2004015437 (third author). The scientific responsibility rests with the authors.     

Irradiance from an aperture with a truncated J0 Bessel beam

In this paper we obtain an analytical expression for the intensity pattern associated with a field propagating from a circular aperture with a truncated J₀ Bessel beam distribution. The diffraction integral in the scalar diffraction theory is evaluated in both the far field and the near field and numerical results are presented for the irradiance pattern on the beam axis as well as in the transverse plane. General curves are drawn to show clearly the truncation effects of the aperture on the propagation characteristics of J₀ beams.     

Charge storage in 40/60 TiFe alloy electrodes

Charge storage in 40/60 TiFe alloy has been investigated using electrode fabrication powder material, either of true alloy or of alloy precursor grades. The true alloy activated very reluctantly in that its maximum charge (i.e., hydrogen) capacity remained below 100 mA h g^{– 1}. In contrast, the alloy precursor could be activated to an intrinsic capacity of ~300 mA h g^–1. Charge storage of the 40/60 TiFe alloy precursor was certainly affected by the redox reactions of surface Fe, but a large amount was stored as hydrogen absorbed by the material, as indicated by a dialometric test and the poison effect. X-ray and EDAX analyses of the two materials can account for their differing abilities to store charge. Electronic Publication     

D-glycopyranosyl phenylsulfones: Their use in a stereocontrolledsynthesis of cis-2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyrans (β-d-c-clycosides)

The lithiated anion derived from 3,4,6-tri-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-2-deoxy-α, β-D-gluco-pyranosyl phenylsulfones 1 reacts with various electrophiles leading to alkylated products, precursors of β-D-C-glycosides 5–g after stereocontrolled desulfonylation and hydrolysis.     

Quantization of the Sphere with Coherent States

Current views link quantization with dynamics. The reason is that quantum mechanics or quantum field theories address to dynamical systems, i.e., particles or fields. Our point of view here breaks the link between quantization and dynamics: any (classical) physical system can be quantized. Only dynamical systems lead to dynamical quantum theories, which appear to result from the quantization of symplectic structures.