Dendritic structures of poly(ethylene glycol) on silicon nitride and gold surfaces

A hydrophilic silicon nitride surface was grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (average formula weight of 5000 Da) in a one-step protocol. The domains of stable dendritic structures of self-assembled monolayer islands on a silicon nitride surface were observed with atomic force microscopy. The moduli of elasticity of these dendritic structures in air and in KCl aqueous solution were compared. The value of the Young's modulus of these structures is reduced by more than 3 orders of magnitude, from approximately 12 GPa measured in air to approximately 5 MPa in KCl solution. This dramatic reduction in elasticity was attributed to the swelling of the dendritic structures in aqueous solution, which was verified by the increased film thickness. These dendritic structures were not stable in the aqueous environment and could be removed by soaking in water for 22 h because of the hydrolysis of the silicate bonds. This fact was confirmed by the reduction of the C1s signal in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. These morphologies are not unique to silicon nitride substrate; similar features were also observed for thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether molecules absorbed on a gold surface.     

Transition metal ions in black tea: an electron paramagnetic resonance study

Tea (Camellia Sinensis) is the most widely consumed beverage in the world and is known to have therapeutic, antioxidant and nutritional effects. It contains dimeric flavanols and polyphenols which are known as the most important organic compounds in tea infusions, and can make strong and stable complexes with metal ions. In this study, we carried out a series of electron paramagnetic resonance experiments on well-known paramagnetic transition metal ions, namely Mn²⁺, Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, VO²⁺, and Cr³⁺ doped in black tea cultivated along the shore of Black Sea, Turkey, to see the effects and structures formed.     

The effects of different doping patterns on the lattice thermal conductivity of solid Ar

In order to investigate the effects of doping patterns on phonon transport, equilibrium molecular dynamics method is performed to calculate the lattice thermal conductivity of solid argon doped with krypton atoms in different geometrical distribution modes. Four different patterns are introduced through replacing Ar atoms with the same amount of Kr atoms in different volume and positions. The simulation results demonstrate that the impurity volume and distribution have significant effects on phonon transport in a crystal structure. The lowest thermal conductivity among the four doping patterns is achieved by introducing the impurity in a nanometer size cubic pattern distributed in the Ar matrix, which is roughly two times lower than that of pure argon at 17 K. The impurity strength on phonons is estimated through comparing the simulation results with those calculated from the Callaway model.     

掺杂WO3的SiO2/TiO2的溶胶热液合成及光催化性能

采用溶胶-热液合成法制备了掺杂WO₃的SiO₂/TiO₂复合光催化剂,用X射线衍射、红外光谱、Zeta电位分析、BET和透射电镜对样品进行了表征,并以甲基橙降解评价了其光催化性能.结果表明:改性后的光催化剂表现出较高的光催化性能,WO₃和SiO₂不仅增加了锐钛矿TiO₂的稳定性,并阻止了TiO₂晶粒的聚集生长.     

对流层散射双向时间比对中对流层斜延迟实时估计

对流层斜延迟是对流层散射双向时间比对中一个重要误差源,该文提出一种对流层散射双向时间比对中对流层斜延迟实时估计方法。通过GPT2w模型计算测站气象数据,克服对流层斜延迟估计中对实时气象数据的依赖。针对Hopfield模型中固定的对流层散射顶层高,利用几何方法计算动态对流层散射顶层高,以解决对流层散射双向比对的实际应用问题。选取日本地区3个测站,两两进行比对,在验证Hopfield模型精度后,计算3组比对站在不同入射角和不同时间的对流层斜延迟。计算结果表明,对流层散射双向时间比对中对流层斜延迟呈现出随比对距离增大而增大,随入射角增大而减小的特性,并且四季变化特性也比较明显。3个比对站的对流层散射斜延迟10~35 m之间,经比对抵消90%后的时间延迟为3.5~11.8 ns。     

非理想信道状态信息对频谱共享认知中继网络性能的影响

在频谱共享认知中继网络中,非理想信道状态信息可能导致次级用户的干扰超过主用户所能容忍的最大干扰值,从而影响到主用户的正常通信。为了衡量次级用户的传输对主用户性能的影响,该文提出了干扰概率这一性能指标。在非理想的信道状态信息条件下,推导了次级用户采用机会中继与选择协作协议时的干扰概率闭式解析式。理论分析表明,从干扰概率角度看,选择协作协议优于机会中继协议,但二者的极限干扰概率相同。此外,在非理想信道状态信息条件下,无论是采用机会中继还是选择协作协议,增加中继数量都会对主用户造成更大的干扰。最后,仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

A flexible logic circuit based on a MOS-NDR transistor in standard CMOS technology

A MOS-NDR (negative differential resistance) transistor which is composed of four n-channel metaloxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (nMOSFETs) is fabricated in standard 0.35 μm CMOS technology.This device exhibits NDR similar to conventional NDR devices such as the compound material based RTD (resonant tunneling diode) in current-voltage characteristics.At the same time it can realize a modulation effect by the third terminal.Based on the MOS-NDR transistor,a flexible logic circuit is realized in this work,which can transfer from the NAND gate to the NOR gate by suitably changing the threshold voltage of the MOS-NDR transistor.It turns out that MOSNDR based circuits have the advantages of improved circuit compaction and reduced process complexity due to using the standard IC design and fabrication procedure.     

Synthesis of organic semiconductor hexadecachloro zinc phthalocyanine and its gas sensitivity

Due to the difficulty in synthesizing perhalogenated metallophthalocyanine, the method of ammonium molybdate solid phase catalysis was introduced, and by using tetrachlorophthalic anhydride and urea as the raw materials, hexadecachloro zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPcCl<,16>) was synthesized. Components of the composite were analyzed by energy spectrum, and its functional group structures and absorption peaks were characterized by IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The thin films of gas sensors were prepared in a vacuum evaporation system and evaporated onto SiO2 substrates, where sensing electrodes were made by MEMS micromachining. The optimal conditions for the films are: substrate temperature of 150 ℃ evaporation current of 95 A and film thickness of 50 nm. The result showed that the sensors were ideally sensitive to C12 gas and could detect the minimum concentration of 0.3 ppm.     

Boosting electrocatalytic activity for C02 reduction on nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts by co-doping with phosphorus

Electrochemical reduction of C02(CERR)to value-added chemicals is an attractive strategy for green-house gas mitigation,and carbon recycles utilization.Conventi...     

改进的威胁评估算法及其在目标分配中的应用

针对防空一体化作战的复杂性、实时性特点,提出了在威胁评估基础上进行目标分配的方法,建立了融合态势优势、空战能力优势和防空要地危急程度的威胁评估模型,通过对战机距离、速度、角度及防空要地属性等参数的设置将该模型应用于防空作战的目标分配过程。最后给出了仿真算例,验证了该模型的可用性和有效性。