Gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid catalysis in a mesh microreactor

A microstructured mesh contactor that can offer residence time of more than minutes is used for gas-liquid-solid hydrogenations and gas-liquid asymmetric hydrogenations. Applications for catalyst/chiral inductor screening and for kinetic data acquisition are demonstrated.     

Some aromatic hydrazone derivatives as inhibitors for the corrosion of C-steel in phosphoric acid solution

The effect of furfural benzoylhydrazone and its derivatives (I-VII) as corrosion inhibitors for C-steel in 1M phosphoric acid solution has been studied by weight-loss and galvanostatic polarization techniques. A significant decrease in the corrosion rate of C-steel was observed in the presence of the investigated inhibitors. This study revealed that, the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing the inhibitor concentration, and the addition of iodide ions enhances it to a considerable extent. The effect of temperature on the inhibition efficiency of these compounds was studied using weight-loss method. Activation energy (E(a)*) and other thermodynamic parameters for the corrosion process were calculated and discussed. The galvanostatic polarization data indicated that, the inhibitors were of mixed-type, but the cathode is more polarized than the anode. The adsorption of these compounds on C-steel surface has been found to obey Frumkin's adsorption isotherm. The mechanism of inhibition was discussed in the light of the chemical structure of the undertaken inhibitors.     

Bounds for increasing multi-state consecutive k-out-of-r-from-n: F system with equal components probabilities

The consecutive k-out-of-r-from-n: F system was generalized to multi-state case. This system consists of n linearly ordered components which are at state below j if and only if at least k_j components out of any r consecutive are in state below j. In this paper we suggest bounds of increasing multi-state consecutive-k-out-of-r-from-n: F system (k₁ ? k₂ ? ? ? k_M) by applying second order Boole–Bonferroni bounds and applying Hunter–Worsley upper bound. Also numerical results are given. The programs in V.B.6 of the algorithms are available upon request from the authors.     

Mechanistic Insights into the Ameliorative Effect of Cichoriin on Diabetic Rats—Assisted with an In Silico Approach

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is considered to be a substantial socioeconomic burden worldwide on both patients and governments. Coumarins are biomolecules with a diversity of biological activities. The current investigation aimed to explore the ameliorative effects of cichoriin, which is a type of coumarin, on high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Rats were allocated into five groups. Group I was considered as the control group, while the other groups were HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats. Group II was assigned as the diabetic control. Groups III and IV were treated with cichoriin (50 or 100 mg/kg, respectively). Group V received glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) (as a positive control). The blood glucose (BG), serum insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase, hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis of pancreatic tissue were performed. mRNA and protein expressions of GLUT4, AMPK, and PI3K were estimated. Results: Cichoriin treatment ameliorated HFD/STZ-induced diabetic conditions and mitigated the histopathological characteristics of the pancreas, as well as increasing pancreatic insulin expression. This decreased the levels of BG, TG, TC, and MDA and improved the TAC, catalase and SOD contents. Cichoriin demonstrated upregulation of mRNA and protein expressions of GLUT4, AMPK, and PI3K. The in silico binding of cichoriin with GLUT4, AMPK, and PI3K supported the possible current activities. Conclusion: Collectively, this work highlighted the potential role of cichoriin in mitigating HFD/STZ-induced diabetic conditions and showed it to be a valuable product.     

Screening effect of Ti ions on the electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power of Mg ferrite

The samples Mg_1+xTi_xFe_2−2xO₄ were prepared in a single phase spinel structure as indicated from X-ray analysis. The preference of Mg²⁺ ions to the octahedral site decreases the ratio of the normal spinel in the investigated ferrite where the Mg²⁺ increases on the expense of the Fe³⁺ ions on the same site. The increase in the conductivity was found to be due to thermally activated mobility of charge carriers. The mobility data enhances the use of Verway model of conductivity which depends on the electron exchange between iron ions of different valences located on the same crystallographic sites. The existence of Ti⁴⁺ ions on the octahedral site screens the polarization and decreases the conductivity of the samples. Peculiar behavior was obtained for Ti content of 0.7 and 0.8 due to the presence of secondary phases.     

Untersuchung der Schwefelbilanz bei metallurgischen Prozessen unter Verwendung von 35S

Es werden Methoden und Ergebnisse der Untersuchung der Schwefelbilanz beim Krupp-Rennverfahren und beim Siemens- Martin-Prozeβ unter Verwendung von ³⁵S beschrieben. Die Markierungsverfahren für die Ausgangsstoffe werden angegeben.     

Luminescence properties of europium (III) cryptates trapped in sol-gel glass

The Lanthanide complexes Eu-2.2.1 and Eu-2.2.2 were synthesized and then incorporated into silica based transparent organic-inorganic hybrid material by the sol-gel method as an example of how doped xerogel materials are emerging as an important means of producing new materials. The produced gels were diagnosed to monitor emission spectra of the luminescent trivalent europium (Eu³⁺) complexes; emissions were compared to those for gels containing uncomplexed Eu³⁺. Results of the experiments (emission and lifetimes) concerning the coordination sphere composition showed that a cryptand ligand with aromatic groups (short range effect) and the hydrophobic gel host (long range effect) settle efficient action in the antenna effect and isolate the central ion from efficient quenchers, as e.g. water molecules. Each ligand imposed a distinct splitting pattern on the europium emission bands that helps identify them.