基于小波变换的鲁棒型特征提取及说话人识别

说话人识别系统在实际应用中面临的主要困难之一是鲁棒性问题,干净语音环境下识别率很高的说话人识别系统,在有噪语音环境下识别性能显著降低。解决这一问题的方法之一是寻找具有鲁棒性的特征参数。本文结合具有多分辨率分析特点的小波变换技术,提出一种基于小波变换的鲁棒型特征提取算法,以提高说话人识别系统在噪声环境下的识别性能。对40个说话人的语音库SUDA2002-D2,在加性高斯白噪声环境下进行的识别实验结果表明,本文提出的特征提取算法可以有效地提高说话人识别系统在噪声环境下的识别性能。     

一种蓝牙音频流传输方案的设计与实现

在对蓝牙高级音频应用的协议模型进行深入研究的基础上,提出了一种基于蓝牙技术的音频流传输解决方案。方案利用CSR的BlueCore3MultiMedia芯片实现了音频信源端和音频信宿端硬件结构的设计,并在音视频分发传输协议层之上构建了控制音频流传输的高级音频分发框架软件实体,最终实现了点对点立体声音频传输的功能。     

Nickel Phosphide Clusters Sensitized TiO2 Nanotube Arrays as Highly Efficient Photoanode for Photoelectrocatalytic Urea Oxidation

The photoelectrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (PEC-UOR) holds a great promise for the wastewater remediation and energy production. However, the low efficiency of semiconductor/cocatalysts type photoanodes for UOR restricts their applications in photoelectrocatalytic system. Herein, a new semiconductor/cocatalyst, Ni₂P clusters sensitized TiO₂ nanotube arrays photoanode (Ni₂P/TiO₂-NTAs) for PEC-UOR with high efficiency are developed. The 1D TiO₂-NTAs structure accelerates urea molecules diffusion and promotes CO₂ gas release at the electrode interface. Meanwhile, Ni₂P is also beneficial to urea molecule absorption and CO₂ desorption and enable to lower the energy barrier for amine (N H) dehydrogenation. Furthermore, the robust interfacial charge transfer pathway between Ni₂P and TiO₂ interface promotes the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes and the transfer of photogenerated electrons from Ni₂P to TiO₂. Therefore, this photoanode shows excellent PEC-UOR performance with the potential of 1.43 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) when the current density reaches 10 mA cm⁻², which is much lower than that of 2.24 V versus RHE and 1.58 V versus RHE for TiO₂-NTAs and Ni(OH)₂/TiO₂-NTAs, respectively.     

Stem Cell-Niche Engineering via Multifunctional Hydrogel Potentiates Stem Cell Therapies for Inflammatory Bone Loss

Effective therapies capable of simultaneously inhibiting inflammation and promoting bone healing remain to be developed for inflammatory bone disease. Stem cell therapies hold great promise for a variety of diseases, but their translation is hampered by low cell survival, rapid clearance, and limited functional integration of transplanted stem cells in target tissues. Herein, a multifunctional hydrogel-based stem cell niche engineering strategy is reported for the treatment of inflammatory bone loss. By rationally integrating different functional modules, an injectable hydrogel-based stem niche is engineered, which possesses temperature-triggered gelling performance, inflammation/oxidative stress-resolving activity, stem-cell binding and survival-enhancing capacity, and osteogenesis-promoting capability. Using ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), effectiveness of this functionally advanced synthetic stem cell niche is demonstrated in rats with periodontitis, a representative inflammatory bone loss disease. Synergistic effects of the multifunctional hydrogel and EMSCs are also confirmed, with respect to normalizing the pathological microenvironment and improving alveolar bone regeneration in the periodontal tissue. Mechanistically, inflammation/oxidative stress-resolving and osteogenic differentiation promoting capacities of the synthetic stem cell niche are mainly achieved by an incorporated nanotherapy via the GDF15/Atf3/c-Fos axis of the MAPK signaling pathway. Besides periodontitis, the newly engineered hydrogel-stem cell therapies are promising for the treatment of other inflammatory bone defects.     

Selective Binding Thermodynamics of Bile Acids by Oligo (ethylenediamino)-β-Cyclodextrins and Their Copper (II) Complexes

Complex stability constants (K _S), standard molar enthalpy changes (ΔH°) and entropy changes (TΔS°) for the inclusion complexation of native β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) (1) and some modified β-CDs, i.e., mono(6-ethylenediamino-6-deoxy)-β-CD (3), mono[6-diethylenetriamino-6-deoxy]-β-CD (4) and their corresponding copper complexes 5 and 6, with four representative bile acid guests, i.e., cholate (CA), deoxycholate (DCA), glycocholate (GCA) and taurocholate (TCA), were determined at 25 °C in aqueous phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.20) by means of isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC). The stoichiometry of resulting inclusion complexes between CDs and bile acids was demonstrated by UV and conductivity as well as ITC experiments, showing 1:1 binding model upon all inclusion complexation except for metal-mediated dimer 5. The complex stability constants for modified β-CD 2–4 are dramatically magnified with the extended length of amino tether. As compared with 3 and 4, copper(II) complexes 5 and 6 significantly enhance not only binding ability but also molecular selectivity toward bile guest molecule CA through multipoint recognition, but decreased complexes stability toward TCA could be attributed to the decreased hydrophobic microenvironment of CDs cavity due to the introduction of copper(II) coordination center. Thermodynamically, the resulting complexes between hosts and bile guests are driven absolutely by enthalpy, accompanied by entropy gain or loss. Using the present data and those previously reported for mono(6-amino-6-deoxy)-β-CD (2), thermodynamic behavior and enhanced molecular selectivity could be discussed from the viewpoint of hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic cooperation and van der Waals between the hosts and guests.     

高分辨率可见光相机作用距离的估算

根据光电系统点目标探测概率、虚警概率公式,从信号和噪声的统计特性出发,推导了可见光相机对点源目标的作用距离公式.并综合考虑人眼的目标发现能力、目标的亮度对比度、观察等级和探测概率的要求,计算出面源目标的作用距离.为了便于计算,编制了相应的软件,并以高分辨率可见光相机为例,通过计算实现了对高分辨率可见光相机点源、面源目标的作用距离的估算.     

基于斐林试剂检测柿霜中还原糖含量的实验设计*

柿饼表面的柿霜主要成分是还原糖,基于斐林试剂与还原糖发生氧化还原反应的原理,可利用稀释定律对柿霜中还原糖含量进行测定。在定量滴定分析中,对斐林试剂的组成、滴定方式以及滴定计算方法进行了探究,并探讨了反应时溶液pH、斐林试剂用量和温度对实验的影响。与经典的碘量法比较,本方法的精密度和准确度都比较理想,是一种更为简便的还原糖含量测定方法。本实验有助于增强学生的食品安全意识,提高学生在滴定分析中数据处理的能力,可替代碘量法成为分析化学实验中一个新的实验。     

L-(-)-肉碱的合成

探讨了以手性环氧氯丙烷为原料,对中间体进行重结晶提高光学纯度的方法合成了L-(-)-肉碱,其质量指标符合美国药典USP(24)版的要求：     

P对Cu/Al2O3催化剂结构及其催化甘油氢解反应性能的影响

采用分步浸渍法制备了P改性的Cu/Al2O3催化剂,利用N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、H2程序升温还原、NH3程序升温脱附和N2O解离吸附等方法对催化剂进行了表征,考察了P含量及浸渍次序对催化剂结构及其催化甘油氢解反应性能的影响.结果表明,先浸渍P再浸渍Cu时,所制Cu/Al2O3催化剂酸性较高,同时还促进了Cu的分散.随P含量的增加,催化剂的酸量及Cu分散度提高,并且Cu与P物种的相互作用增强;然而,P含量较高时会覆盖Cu,使暴露的Cu表面降低.先浸渍Cu后浸渍P时,尽管也提高了相应催化剂的酸性,但对Cu分散的影响不大,并且还会覆盖Cu使暴露的Cu表面明显降低.先浸渍P明显提高了Cu/Al2O3上甘油氢解反应性能.在220oC,3MPa,质量空速2h?1以及H2/甘油摩尔比20的条件下,当P含量由0增加至6%时,甘油转化率从17.1%升至95.0%,1,2-丙二醇选择性从83.7%升至97.2%.这可归因于催化剂酸性的提高及Cu与P间的相互作用.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定不锈钢食具容器中12种重金属元素的迁移量

经清洗的不锈钢食具容器中加入乙酸(4+96)溶液至规定体积,煮沸30min,冷却,补充乙酸溶液至原体积,在室温浸泡24h,所得溶液用于原子发射光谱法测定其中的12种元素的含量。选择强度相对较高且干扰较少的谱线作为所测定元素的分析线,对3项仪器工作参数进行了优化,结果表明:发生器射频功率1 250W;载气流量0.6L·min-1;观测高度16mm。12种元素的质量浓度均在0.05~1.0mg·L-1范围内与其谱线强度之间呈线性关系,其检出限(3s)在0.001~0.013mg·L-1之间。对方法的回收率进行了试验,测得回收率在98.2%~104%之间,对浸出液平行测定10次,测定值的相对标准偏差均小于3.0%。