Metal-facilitated Photocatalytic Nanohybrids: Rational Design and Promising Environmental Applications

As a promising technique to potentially address the energy crisis and environmental issues, photocatalysis has been reported widely to exhibit various outstanding behaviors in production of new fuels/chemicals and treatment of contaminants. The photocatalytic performance is extremely dependent on the used photocatalysts, so that the design and preparation of efficient photocatalysts are critically important for significantly improving the photocatalytic activity. Among various strategies, the hybridization of metal with semiconductors has recently been attracting more and more research interest owing to their expended spectral absorption, promoted transferring rate of charge carriers and Plasmon-enhanced effect. In this minireview, the metal-facilitated hybrid photocatalysts are overviewed comprehensively to first reveal unique functions of metals in improvement of photoactivity and summarize the emerging metal-involved hybrid systems. Subsequently, the synthetic methods towards hybrid photocatalysts are introduced and their practical applications are emphasized in environmental remediation including degradation of organic pollutants, conversion of harmful gases, treatment of heavy metal ions and sterilization of bacteria. At the end, the challenges for industrializing these hybrid photocatalysts are discussed carefully and future development is suggested rationally.     

The Efficient K Ion Storage of M2P2O7/C (M=Fe,Co, Ni) Anode Derived from Organic-Inorganic Phosphate Precursors

Metal phosphates have been widely explored in lithium ion batteries and sodium ion batteries owing to high theoretical capacities, mild toxicity and low cost. However, their potassium ion battery applications are less reported due to the limited conductivity and the slow diffusion kinetics. Considering these drawbacks, novel structured M₂P₂O₇/C (M=Fe, Co, Ni) nanoflake composites are prepared through an organic-phosphors precursor-assisted solvothermal method and a subsequent high temperature annealing process. The designed Co₂P₂O₇/C composite exhibits the highest rate capacity with 502 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ and good cyclability for 900 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹ and 2 A g⁻¹ when compared with Ni and Fe based composites. The superior electrochemical performance can be attributed to their unique nanoparticle-assembled nanoflake structure, which can afford enough active sites for K⁺ intercalation. In addition, the robust pyrophosphate crystal structure and the in situ formed carbon composition also have positive effects on enhancing the long-term cycling performance and the electrode's conductivity. Finally, this organic-phosphors precursor induced simple approach can be applied for easy fabrication of other pyrophosphate/carbon hybrids as advanced electrodes.     

微波诱导等离子体热解法合成碳膜包裹的TiO2纳米微晶

微波诱导等离子体热解法合成碳膜包裹的ＴｉＯ２纳米微晶刘洪波（广东石油化工高等专科学校广东茂名５２５０００）洪品杰戴树珊（云南大学化学系云南昆明６５００９１）关键词微波诱导等离子体包裹碳膜ＴｉＯ２纳米微晶中图分类号Ｏ６１４．４１１近年来，对碳膜包裹型材...     

Black fungus derived aerogel with double faced properties

Black fungus aerogel (BFA) exhibited interesting double-faced properties. Weexplored the diverse properties of each side of the black fungus in three aspects:water contact angle measurements, liquid selective absorption capacity and air pollutant adsorption abilities.     

氮在含氧Mo(100)面上的吸附与反应

 用HREELS, AES, LEED和TDS考察了氮在含氧Mo(100)上的吸附和热脱附. 120 K下氮在含氧Mo(100)上吸附时存在着N—N伸缩振动频率2150和1600 cm-1, 分别对应于线式(γ态)和侧位(α态)两种分子吸附态. 升温引起γ态氮的脱附和α态氮的解离. 其中γ态氮的脱附峰温位于155 K, 遵循一级脱附动力学; 由α态解离生成的N原子占据Mo(100)的四重空位(即β态), 并在高于1?150 K的温度重新化合形成氮而脱附. 120 K时,氮的吸附是无序的; 吸附了氮的表面经1100 K退火后生成了有序的c(2×2)-N表面结构.     

PVC基管状流通钾离子选择电极的研制及其在流动注射分析中的应用

实验装置由PVC基管状流通钾离子选择电极和与它结合的流动注射分析体系两部分组成。对该体系的分析特点和影响测定的参数进行了讨论,建立了土壤浸提液中钾测定方法,样品分析结果和火焰光度法有良好一致性。     

改进片铸与烧结技术制备高性能钕铁硼磁体的研究

通过优化合金成分设计与改进速凝片铸技术、烧结技术,应用国内通用的工业生产烧结钕铁硼磁体的各类原材料,在工业生产线上实现了45UH高性能烧结钕铁硼磁体的批量生产。SEM观察和XRD分析结果表明:磁体具有比较高的取向度;其显微组织致密、精细而均匀,平均晶粒尺寸约为5μm。45UH烧结钕铁硼磁体的典型磁性能为Br=1.363 T,Hcb=1060 kA.m-1,Hcj=2140 kA.m-1,Hk=1625 kA.m-1,(BH)max=366.0 kJ.m-3;其Hcj/79.6 kA.m-1+(BH)max/7.96 kJ.m-3=72.8。在295～453 K温度区间,其剩磁与内禀矫顽力的温度系数分别为-0.108%.K-1和-0.486%.K-1。当L/D=0.7时,在473 K保持2 h磁体开路磁通不可逆损失为4.1%左右。批量生产的45UH烧结钕铁硼磁体,其常温磁性能优异,温度稳定性良好。     

野生中草药木贼中微量元素的测定

目的测定中草药木贼中微量元素的含量。方法用湿法消化及于法灰化两种方法处理样品并进行了比较,用火焰原子吸收法测定了中草药木贼中7种微量元素的含量。结果测定结果湿法的RSD在0．5％～3．0％,干法的RSD在0．5％-7．5％之间。结论湿法处理金属离子损失小,测量精密度更好。木贼中微量元素的含量由高到低顺序为：Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,Ph,Ni。     

石化废水中常见有机酸的液相色谱分析

利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法同时检测石化废水中丙烯酸、对甲基苯磺酸、甲基丙烯酸。 水样调节pH=1.6,经0.45 μm醋酸纤维滤膜过滤后直接进行色谱分析。 色谱条件：流动相为体积比93∶7的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=3)和乙腈,流速1.0 mL/min,ZORBAX-SB-C18色谱柱,柱温30 ℃,MWD检测器,检测波长195 nm,进样量10 μL。 丙烯酸、对甲基苯磺酸、甲基丙烯酸的最低检出限分别为0.030、0.028和0.050 mg/L;样品测定的相对标准偏差分别为1.83%、0.69%和0.84%;样品加标回收率96%~112%。     

Template Based Synthesis of Porous Graphdiyne Nanosheet for Reversible and Fast NO2 Detection by UV Irradiation

Two-dimensional graphdiyne (GDY) formed by sp and sp² hybridized carbon has been found to be an efficient toxic gas sensing material by density functional theory (DFT). However, little experimental research concerning its gas sensing capability has been reported owing to the complex preparation process and harsh experimental conditions. Herein, porous GDY nanosheets are successfully synthesized through a facile solvothermal synthesis technique by using CuO microspheres (MSs) as both template and source of catalyst. The porous GDY nanosheets exhibit a broadband optical absorption, rendering it suitable for the light-driven optoelectronic gas sensing applications. The GDY-based gas sensor was demonstrated to have excellent reversible to NO₂ behaviors at 25 °C for the first time. More importantly, higher response value and faster response-recovery time once exposed to NO₂ gas molecules are achieved by the illumination of UV light. In this way, our work paves the way for the exploration of GDY-based gas detection experimentally.