氯化稀土与丙氨酸配合行为的研究

用半微量相平衡方法研究了SmCl~3-Ala-H~2O三元体系在25℃时的溶解度。结果表明体系中形成了两种配合物: Sm(Ala)~2Cl~3.3H~2O和Sm(Ala)~3Cl~3.3H~2O,合成了RE(Ala)~3Cl~3.3H~2O(RE=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy),RE(Ala)~2Cl~3.nH~2O(RE=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, n=3; RE=Ho, Yb,Y, n=4)与RE(AlA)Cl~3.6H~2O(RE=Eu, Gd,Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb, Y)二十四种固体配合物, 用化学分析、IR、UV、X射线分析及TG-DTG对配合物进行了表征, 发现了RECl~3与Ala形成配合物的规律性。     

杂多酸催化松香裂解反应研究

对杂多酸 (HPA)催化松香裂解反应及反应条件进行了研究 ,并对裂解产生的挥发油进行了气相色谱分析。研究内容包括反应温度、反应时间、催化剂种类及用量对反应结果的影响。结果表明 :在杂多酸催化剂用量大于 0 .0 5%、反应温度高于 1 80℃的条件下 ,杂多酸可将松香裂解为深色油状物 ,同时生成水和挥发性油。杂多酸的种类、用量以及反应温度的改变不影响裂解产生的挥发油的组分构成 ,但影响某些组分的相对比例。裂解反应包括了碳碳键和碳氢键的断裂     

A simple aptamer molecular beacon assay for rapid detection of aflatoxin B1

A simple aptamer molecular beacon assay for rapid detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was achieved. AFB1-binding induced formation of a hairpin structure and closeness of fluorophore label and quencher probe, causing fluorescence decrease.     

电子显微镜下的纳米世界

以高中阶段知识为基础,简述了扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等电镜技术的发展和基本原理,并以实际应用案例介绍了电镜技术在纳米科学领域的应用,最后给出了电镜技术的未来发展前景。     

第32届中国化学奥林匹克初赛有机试题详解

利用框图全面归纳了第32届全国化学奥林匹克竞赛（初赛）有机试题的考点分布,并对考题进行了详细解析,以帮助致力于参加高中化学竞赛的考生取得优异成绩。     

Captiva EMR-Lipid固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速筛查动物源食品中51种药物残留

建立了一种利用Captiva EMR-Lipid固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时分析猪肉、鸡肉、鸡蛋中51种药物残留的方法。样品经Mcllvaine-Na_2EDTA缓冲液及酸化乙腈提取,Captiva EMR-Lipid固相萃取柱净化,UPLC-MS/MS测定,采用电喷雾电离源,正离子扫描,多反应监测模式检测,内标/外标法定量。结果表明,51种药物的线性范围为0.5～10μg/L,相关系数(r)均不小于0.999 0,检出限均为2.5μg/kg,定量下限均为5.0μg/kg;猪肉、鸡肉、鸡蛋样品在5、10、20μg/kg加标浓度下的平均回收率为60%～110%,相对标准偏差(n=5)小于10%。该方法操作简便,准确度高,适用于猪肉、鸡肉、鸡蛋中多种药物残留的检测。     

A Sustainable Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Batteries Under Practical Conditions

High‐energy‐density Li metal batteries suffer from a short lifespan under practical conditions, such as limited lithium, high loading cathode, and lean electrolytes, owing to the absence of appropriate solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, a sustainable SEI was designed rationally by combining fluorinated co‐solvents with sustained‐release additives for practical challenges. The intrinsic uniformity of SEI and the constant supplements of building blocks of SEI jointly afford to sustainable SEI. Specific spatial distributions and abundant heterogeneous grain boundaries of LiF, LiN_xO_y, and Li₂O effectively regulate uniformity of Li deposition. In a Li metal battery with an ultrathin Li anode (33 μm), a high‐loading LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ cathode (4.4 mAh cm^?2), and lean electrolytes (6.1 g Ah^?1), 83 % of initial capacity retains after 150 cycles. A pouch cell (3.5 Ah) demonstrated a specific energy of 340 Wh kg^?1 for 60 cycles with lean electrolytes (2.3 g Ah^?1).     

A Diffusion‐‐Reaction Competition Mechanism to Tailor Lithium Deposition for Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Lithium metal is recognized as one of the most promising anode materials owing to its ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential. Nonetheless, dendritic Li growth has dramatically hindered the practical applications of Li metal anodes. Realizing spherical Li deposition is an effective approach to avoid Li dendrite growth, but the mechanism of spherical deposition is unknown. Herein, a diffusion‐reaction competition mechanism is proposed to reveal the rationale of different Li deposition morphologies. By controlling the rate‐determining step (diffusion or reaction) of Li deposition, various Li deposition scenarios are realized, in which the diffusion‐controlled process tends to lead to dendritic Li deposition while the reaction‐controlled process leads to spherical Li deposition. This study sheds fresh light on the dendrite‐free Li metal anode and guides to achieve safe batteries to benefit future wireless and fossil‐fuel‐free world.     

Lithium Bonds in Lithium Batteries

Lithium bonds are analogous to hydrogen bonds and are therefore expected to exhibit similar characteristics and functions. Additionally, the metallic nature and large atomic radius of Li bestow the Li bond with special features. As one of the most important applications of the element, Li batteries afford emerging opportunities for the exploration of Li bond chemistry. Herein, the historical development and concept of the Li bond are reviewed, in addition to the application of Li bonds in Li batteries. In this way, a comprehensive understanding of the Li bond in Li batteries and an outlook on its future developments is presented.     

线上线下混合式教学结合翻转课堂进行酯缩合反应的教学*

采用“线上线下混合式教学”开展有机化学课程的教学工作,利用APP “学习通”将在线课堂教学和线下讲授相结合。以知识点酯缩合反应的教学为例,介绍了该教学模式的实施过程和教学效果。实践结果表明,线上线下混合式教学与翻转课堂相结合的教学模式,能够拓展化学专业学生知识面,提升学生的自主学习能力和学习的积极性,取得了较好的教学效果。