GaInP/GaAs HBTs for high-speed integrated circuit applications

The use of GaInP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) for integrated circuit applications is demonstrated. The discrete devices fabricated showed excellent DC characteristics with low V_ce offset voltage and very low temperature sensitivity of the current gain. For a non-self-aligned device with a 3-μm×1.4-μm emitter area, f_T was extrapolated to 45 GHz and f_max was extrapolated to 70 GHz. The measured 1/f noise level was 20 dB better than that of AlGaAs HBTs and comparable to that of low-noise silicon bipolar junction transistors, and the noise bump (Lorentzian component) was not observed. The fabricated gain block circuits showed 8.5 dB gain with a 3-dB bandwidth of 12 GHz, and static frequency dividers (divide by 4) were operable up to 8 GHz     

A methodology for modeling the distributions of medical images and their stochastic properties

The probabilistic distribution properties of a set of medical images are studied. It is shown that the generalized Gaussian function provides a good approximation to the distribution of AP chest radiographs. Based on this result and a goodness-of-fit test, a generalized Gaussian autoregressive model (GGAR) is proposed. Its properties and limitations are also discussed. It is expected that the GGAR model will be useful in describing the stochastic characteristics of some classes of medical images and in image data compression and other applications.     

Untersuchung von Einzelblasen an ölbeschichteten Oberflächen mit künstlichen Keimstellen

Zusammenfassung An feinpolierten, ölbeschichteten V2A-Oberflächen mit jeweils einer gebohrten (d=140 µm) und einer geätzten (d=47 µm) Vertiefung als Keimstelle wurde für Wasserblasen das Wachstum, der Abreißdurchmesser und die Abreißfrequenz gemessen. Für die wärmetransportgesteuerte Blasenbildung liefert der Vergleich mit Beziehungen, die für reine Metallflächen gewonnen wurden, gute Übereinstimmung, so daß keine Einfluß der Ölschicht erkennbar wurde.

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Investigation of single vapor bubbles on surfaces covered with a thin oil film with artificial nuclei

For single vapor bubbles, the growth rates, the detachment diameter, and the frequency were measured on single artificial nuclei, either drilled (d=140 µm) or etched (d=47 µm) into a highly polished stainless steel plate which was covered with a thin oil film. For evaporation controlled by heat transport, good agreement was observed with relations from literature which were obtained for clean surfaces; thus, an effect of the oil film could not be discovered.

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Formelzeichen a Temperaturleitfähigkeit - D _a Blasenabreißdurchmesser - f Blasenfrequenz - Ja Jakob-Zahl - Pr Prandtl-Zahl /a - q Wärmestromdichte - R Blasenradius - T Temperatur - dynamische Zähigkeit - Wärmeleitfähigkeit - Dichte - Oberflächenspannung - Zeit Indizes g Gas, Dampf - l flüssig - s Sättigung - w Wand Herrn Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karl Stephan zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet     

Phase-space analysis of alternating Δβ couplers

A geometrical method for determining the power transfer between piecewise uniform, alternating , twin-core linear directional couplers is presented. Phase space provides the basis for the method.     

Results on the Generic Kurepa Hypothesis

K.J. Devlin has extended Jensen's construction of a model ofZFC andCH without Souslin trees to a model without Kurepa trees either. We modify the construction again to obtain a model with these properties, but in addition, without Kurepa trees inccc-generic extensions. We use a partially defined -sequence, given by a fine structure lemma. We also show that the usual collapse of Mahlo to ₂ will give a model without Kurepa trees not only in the model itself, but also inccc-extensions.     

Ray Theory of the Diffraction of Sound by an Inhomogeneous Membrane

Present address: Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Silver Street, Cambridge CB3 9EW, U.K. In this paper, a ray approach is developed for calculating theacoustic radiation into a fluid generated by a localized forcingon an elastic boundary. We consider here the case of fluid-loadedmembrane with a rigid line-mass distribution subject to infiniteplane-wave incidence from the fluid. It is demonstrated howray methods can be used to determine each of the constituentwaves of the scattered acoustic field, showing that non-uniformitiesarise whenever two such waves have tangential wavefronts. Transitionanalyses are presented to remove these non-uniformities, resultingin the prediction of beam-like structures in the scattered field.     

A numerical analysis of chaotic behaviour in Bianchi IX models

In this paper we investigate the chaotic behaviour of the Bianchi IX cosmological models using techniques developed in the study of dynamical systems and chaotic behaviour. We numerically calculate the Lyapunov exponent, , and show that instead of converging to a constant value, it decreases steadily. We study this effect further by studying the Lyapunov exponent using short-time averages. We show that the usual method of calculating is invalid in the case of a cosmological model.     

Random fields and quantum effects in proton glasses

The effects of quantum fluctuations on the proton glass phase in mixed hydrogen-bonded ferro-antiferroelectric systems are considered. The system is described in terms of the infinite-ranged Ising pseudospin glass model in a transverse tunneling field in the presence of random parallel fields. The stability limit of the high-temperature proton glass phase is determined within the thermofield dynamic approach, and the behavior or linear and nonlinear susceptibility is evaluated.     

The clinical status of low energy laser therapy in 1989

Low energy laser therapy has gained varying acceptance as a treatment for a broad range of soft tissue, musculoskeletal and neurological conditions. A controversial, but surprisingly large body of research with cell cultures suggests that laser irradiation can nondestructively alter cellular processes. Unfortunately, animal and human studies are often contradictory and difficult to evaluate due to differing study designs. As a result, the clinical effectiveness of low energy laser therapy remains debatable. Nevertheless, the findings are intriguing and deserve further investigation.