UPLC法测定苹果中4种新型植物生长调节剂农药残留

采用固相萃取反相液相色谱法对苹果中4种新型植物生长调节剂残留量进行分离分析。方法回收率在90.1%~95.2%范围内,相对标准偏差范围为1.1%~2.4%。对氯苯氧乙酸、5-硝基愈创木酚钠、噻苯隆和氯吡脲的方法检出限分别为0.5,0.5,0.5,0.2 mg/kg。方法可实现此4种植物生长调节剂残留的定量测定。     

β-CD辅助的9-(2,3-环氧丙基)嘌呤核苷的水相合成

室温条件利用β-环糊精作为助剂,通过亲核取代反应在水相中合成了一系列9-(2,3-环氧丙基)嘌呤核苷。本方法操作简单,反应条件温和,收率较高。β-CD的作用在于通过与底物包结增加它们在水中的溶解度,减少副反应发生,促进反应进行。     

唾液酸衍生物的合成进展

唾液酸是一类九碳糖,主要以糖脂或者糖蛋白的形式广泛分布于哺乳动物组织中,是脊椎动物细胞表面最重要的单糖.唾液酸可修饰的位点较多,目前已发展出成千上万的非天然唾液酸衍生物用于分子成像.尽管如此,非天然糖代谢工程方法还处于发展的初期,很多方面亟待发展和完善.结合本课题组的研究成果,着重介绍了唾液酸衍生物的合成进展.     

Unexpected Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism in Nanostructured Bi2Te3

There is an urgent need for the development in the field of the magnetism of topological insulators, owing to the necessity for the realization of the quantum anomalous Hall effect. Herein, we discuss experimentally fabricated nanostructured hierarchical architectures of the topological insulator Bi₂Te₃ without the introduction of any exotic magnetic dopants, in which intriguing room‐temperature ferromagnetism was identified. First‐principles calculations demonstrated that the intrinsic point defect with respect to the antisite Te site is responsible for the creation of a magnetic moment. Such a mechanism, which is different from that of a vacancy defect, provides new insights into the origins of magnetism. Our findings may pave the way for developing future Bi₂Te₃‐based dissipationless spintronics and fault‐tolerant quantum computation.     

A Scalable Biomimetic Synthesis of Resveratrol Dimers and Systematic Evaluation of their Antioxidant Activities

An efficient synthetic route to the resveratrol oligomers quadrangularin A and pallidol is reported. It features a scalable biomimetic oxidative dimerization that proceeds in excellent yield and with complete regioselectivity. A systematic evaluation of the natural products and their synthetic precursors as radical‐trapping antioxidants has revealed that, contrary to popular belief, this mode of action is unlikely to account for their observed biological activity.     

One‐pot Synthesis of CdS Nanocrystals Hybridized with Single‐Layer Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Exploration of low‐cost and earth‐abundant photocatalysts for highly efficient solar photocatalytic water splitting is of great importance. Although transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) showed outstanding performance as co‐catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), designing TMD‐hybridized photocatalysts with abundant active sites for the HER still remains challenge. Here, a facile one‐pot wet‐chemical method is developed to prepare MS₂–CdS (M=W or Mo) nanohybrids. Surprisedly, in the obtained nanohybrids, single‐layer MS₂ nanosheets with lateral size of 4–10 nm selectively grow on the Cd‐rich (0001) surface of wurtzite CdS nanocrystals. These MS₂–CdS nanohybrids possess a large number of edge sites in the MS₂ layers, which are active sites for the HER. The photocatalytic performances of WS₂–CdS and MoS₂–CdS nanohybrids towards the HER under visible light irradiation (>420 nm) are about 16 and 12 times that of pure CdS, respectively. Importantly, the MS₂–CdS nanohybrids showed enhanced stability after a long‐time test (16 h), and 70 % of catalytic activity still remained.     

质子交换膜燃料电池梯度化膜电极

为实现质子交换膜燃料电池的高性能(高功率密度或大电流密度)、低成本(低铂载量)、长寿命发电,人们尝试在燃料电池的核心部件膜电极结构中引入梯度化设计的概念。梯度化膜电极包括膜电极中各组件的梯度化:气体扩散层的PTFE含量与孔隙率的梯度化,催化层的催化剂与Nafion用量的梯度化以及微孔层的疏水性与孔隙率的梯度化。梯度化膜电极中催化剂分布、孔隙率分布、亲/疏水性分布合理,具有良好的三相反应界面以及质子、电子、反应气体、水等多相物质高效传输通道,从而能满足在低铂载量、低加湿以及高电流密度条件下高性能稳定工作。本文整理了近几年来有关燃料电池梯度化膜电极研究的相关文献,梳理了梯度化膜电极研究发展脉络,归纳总结了各种梯度化膜电极的制备方法、性能以及构效关系,并展望了梯度化膜电极下一步研究方向,对高性能、低成本、长寿命的燃料电池开发具有指导意义。     

2,4-二羟基苯甲醛异烟酰腙及其镉配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构和性质

合成了一种多齿Schiff碱2,4-二羟基苯甲醛异烟酰腙(H3Ldis·H_2O,1),采用扩散法制备了一种二维镉配位聚合物[Cd2(μ3-HLdis)2(CH3OH)2]n(2),通过元素分析、光谱分析和X射线单晶衍射对它们进行了表征。结构分析表明1和2的晶体均属单斜晶系,P21/n空间群。1通过分子间氢键形成三维超分子网络。在2中Cd2+处于畸变的八面体配位环境,H3Ldis以烯醇式与镉配位形成双核结构基元,由于吡啶基氮原子配位将双核结构基元扩展为多孔的二维网络结构。MTT法检测结果表明,配合物2对人肝肿瘤HEPG2细胞和人结肠癌细胞均有良好的增殖抑制作用。     

2-碘腺苷合成新方法

报道了核苷药物中间体2-碘腺苷的合成新方法.以2-氨基-6-氯-2′,3′,5′-三-O-乙酰基嘌呤核苷为原料,以CH3CN为溶剂,I2为碘源,5%的Cu I为催化剂,合成了到2-碘-6-氯-2′,3′,5′-三-O-乙酰基嘌呤核苷,继而在饱和的NH3/CH3OH溶液中氨解,以两步和78.2%的总收率得到2-碘腺苷.反应规模可以扩大到公斤级,收率没有降低.中间体及产物的分离、纯化不需要柱层析.该方法高效、简便、易于操作,显示出很好的应用前景.     

聚左旋乳酸/聚消旋乳酸共混物的结晶行为

非晶态聚消旋乳酸(PDLLA)对PLLA的结晶行为有较大的影响。本文利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和偏光显微镜(POM)对不同分子量PLLA、PDLLA按不同比例制得的共混物结晶进行了系统研究。结果表明随PDLLA含量的增大PLLA冷结晶温度升高,且越接近熔融温度。PDLLA分子量较小时PLLA球晶特征被明显破坏,PDLLA分子量较大时PLLA更易形保持球晶特征且易形成环带球晶形貌,这与结晶速率与非晶组分的扩散速率匹配程度有关。低分子量的PDLLA使PLLA的最大生长速率对应的温度出现在较低温度。