聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯非晶态膜片单轴热——拉伸中的结晶与松弛

用动态力学损耗温度谱作为测试手段,研究了非晶态PET膜片在78—112℃温度范围内的单轴拉伸。实验结果说明,在较低温度下所得结晶的拉伸试样,完全由于应变诱发结晶,发生在应力-应变曲线的屈服后应力开始上升的阶段。在较高温度下(90℃或更高)拉伸可得非晶态而且光学各向同性的试样,是由于分子链的小尺度取向在拉伸过程中已完全热松弛所致,而分子链的大尺度取向要通过高弹态流动而松弛,其速率较慢,用拉伸后试样两端固定时的应力松弛进行了观察。在较低温度下应力松弛后仍为非晶态,在较高温度下应力松弛到起始应力的1O％下才开始结晶。FTIR研究表明在这种状态下的结晶有一结晶诱导期,其时间尺度与应力松弛阶段相当。     

FREQUENCY DEPENDENCE OF THE DIELECTRIC RELAXATION OF 1,2-POLYBUTADIENES

The dielectric loss factor and permittivity of a series of 1, 2-polybutadienes with different contents of 1, 2-units and different contents of syndiotactie 1, 2-units were determined over a frequency range from 30Hz to 100KHz at different temperatures. The WLF equation was evaluated for various samples with T_θat 100KHz as a reference temperature and the master curves of various samples have been constructed, which are in accordance with those calculated by Havriliak-Negami equation. The frequency dependence of the dielectric relaxation of 1, 2-polybutadienes was investigated over a frequency range from 10~0 Hz to 10~(12) ZHz in terms of the experimental data and the master curves.     

RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PROCESSABILITY OF UNVULCANIZED POLYBUTADIENE

Rheological investigation on a series ot unvulcamzed polybutadiene elastomers of different processability has been carried out by means of a capillary extrusion rheometer. It is found that the processability of unvulcanized polybutadiene can be correlated with the occurrence of unsteady flow and the wall stress, dependence of the dimensionless number e characterizing the entrance elongational elasticity which has been found to be sensitive to the branching structure and the molecular weight distribution of the samples. Interpretations based on the structural data of unvulcanized polybutadiene were discussed.     

甾族化合物不对称合成的研究XV: 光学活性3-氧杂-A-失碳甾族化合物的合成

我们在寻找新的甾体口服避孕药的研究中,设计了A-失碳-3,9(10)-二烯-18-甲基甾体(1)作为全合成研究的目的物.前文已报道从5’-甲基呋喃二噻烷阴离子2b与消旋甾体CD环合成原3b的共轭加成,合成了两个新的消旋3-氧杂-A-失碳甾体4b和5b.本文报道     

气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中对氯苯胺

采用气相色谱-质谱法测定纺织品中对氯苯胺的含量,研究了对氯苯胺溶液的储存稳定性,结果表明对氯苯胺标准溶液和样品溶液在低温(小于5℃)、高浓度(例如30 mg·L-1)下的储存稳定性好。在最佳的分析条件下,进行了全毛精纺花呢样品的加标回收试验,加标水平为10.0,20.0,30.0 mg·kg-1,回收率分别为86.0%,100.6%,97.6%,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于9.0%。     

1,2-聚丁二烯介电松弛的复平面分析

本文对1,2-聚丁二烯的介电松弛进行了复平面分析.结果表明,在1,2-聚丁二烯的玻璃化转变过程中,ε″(ω)与ε＇(ω)的关系满足Havriliak-Negami方程.由复平面图求出了样品的静态和光频下的介电系数,平均松弛时间和松弛时间分布参数.利用所得数据讨论了1,2-聚丁二烯在玻璃化转变过程中的构象变化、松弛时间分布和平均偶极矩等问题.     

柱前衍生超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法测定仙草多糖组成及其含量

建立了测定仙草多糖组成及其含量的超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱分析方法。仙草样品在碱性条件下用沸水提取,提取液经固相萃取小柱净化后加三氟乙酸在110℃水解,然后采用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)衍生。以Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm i.d.×50 mm,1.7μm)为分析柱,乙腈和缓冲盐溶液(0.5 mmol/L乙酸铵-0.05%乙酸)为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,流速0.5 mL/min,电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式检测,内标法定量。结果显示8种单糖在1～100μmol/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r2均大于0.96,方法的回收率为84%～112%,相对标准偏差(RSD)不高于4.7%。仙草多糖由甘露糖、鼠李糖、核糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和木糖8种单糖组成,其摩尔百分比为7.4%、5.7%、4.2%、0.9%、28.4%、26.5%、16.4%和10.6%。该法简单、快速、灵敏高、重现性好,可用于仙草多糖的单糖组成分析和含量测定。     

RP-HPLC法检测发酵液中赤霉素GA4,GA7的含量

建立了反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定发酵液中赤霉素GA4,GA7的方法。探讨了流动相缓冲盐与甲醇的比例、缓冲盐pH、温度、流速等对两种赤霉素分离的影响,结果表明在Kromasil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱下,以V(甲醇):V(pH3.0,0.05 mol/L KH2PO4)=60:40为流动相,柱温35℃,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长228nm,进样量20μL,分离度良好。GA4,GA7标准品质量浓度分别在0.1~8.0 mg/mL,0.1~3.0 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,线性回归方程为Y4=1.58878+7.06978X4,Y7=0.48281+7.12931X7;GA4,GA7检出限分别为19.6,14.3μg/mL,平均加标回收率分别为98.8%,99.9%,相对标准偏差RSD分别为1.5%,0.34%。     

阴-非离子表面活性剂复合改性水滑石的表面性质研究

采用十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）、吐温-80（Tween-80）及两种表面活性剂复合改性镁铝水滑石,得到SDBS-LDHs,Tween-LDHs及SDBS/Tween-LDHs₃种改性水滑石。利用反相气相色谱法（IGC）对样品进行表面性质的研究,定量计算了表面吸附自由能（ΔG₀）和表面能色散组分（γ_s^d）。结果表明,改性材料的ΔG₀与γ_s^d值均比未处理的镁铝水滑石小,其中阴-非离子表面活性剂复合改性后的水滑石的ΔG₀与γ_s^d值最小,说明阴-非离子表面活性剂复合改性水滑石较单一改性水滑石更有利于提高材料的稳定性。此外,各类水滑石的γ_s^d值均随着温度的升高而减小,因此,在制备聚合物/水滑石类材料时,可以利用提高温度来改善其与聚合物的相容性。     

BANDED TEXTURE FORMATION IN NEMATIC SOLUTION OF POLY (1,4-BENZAMIDE) IN SULFURIC ACID

The banded texture in films prepared from nematic poly (1,4-benzamide) (PBA)/H_2SO_4 solution by shearing and without shearing has been studied by using microscopy techniques. The kinetic parameters of banded texture formation γ_c and τ_b were measured for nematic solution of PBA by using parallel-plate shearing apparatus. The banded texture was also observed in randomly packed domains for nematic solution of PBA on standing without shearing. The properties of banded texture show no difference between the two samples with or without shearing.