How Graphene Oxide Quenches Fluorescence of Rhodamine 6G

We investigate the fluorescence quenching of Rhodamine 6G (R6G), a well known laser dye with a high fluorescence quantum yield, by as-synthesized graphene oxide (GO) in aqueous solution, which is found to be rather efficient. By means of steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy combined with detailed analysis about the linear absorption variation for this R6G-GO system, the pertinent quenching mechanism has been elucidated to be a combination of dynamic and static quenching. Possible ground-state complexes between R6G and GO during the static quenching have also been suggested. Furthermore, the direction of photoinduced electron transfer between R6G and GO has been discussed.     

基于ZnO纳米线的螺旋线形跨尺度葡萄糖传感器

制备了一种基于螺旋线形跨尺度结构的酶传感器, 并对该传感器进行了表征和性能测试. 将ϕ 30 μm键合Au丝以螺旋线方式手工缠绕在ϕ 125 μm光纤纤芯上, 在该Au螺旋线上用水浴法合成ZnO纳米线, 得到螺旋线形跨尺度结构; 在ZnO纳米线上物理吸附葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD), 制备了葡萄糖传感器工作电极. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像和MatLab图像处理算子分别对螺旋线形跨尺度结构表面形貌及其上活力为50 units/mg的GOD吸附效果进行了定性和定量表征, 分析了非高斯粗糙表面与GOD吸附效果的影响关系. 基于三电极体系采用循环伏安法和计时安培法测试了制备的12个工作电极的性能, 测得该类传感器的灵敏度为(1.410±0.665) μA·L/(mmol·cm²), 线性范围为0~(4.292±0.652) mmol/L, Michaelis-Menten常数为(3.571±1.280) mmol/L, 检出限为(14.085±8.393) μmol/L. 使用活力更高的GOD可以得到性能更好的螺旋线形跨尺度葡萄糖传感器. 该类传感器可广泛应用于医药、 生物、 食品加工及环境监测领域中尿酸、 尿素、 胆固醇、 过氧化氢和苯酚等的检测.     

嵌段共聚物聚(异丙基丙烯酰胺)-b-聚(双丙酮丙烯酰胺)制备及其对叶酸的载负和释放

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAm)和双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)为原料,采用可逆加成 断裂链转移(RAFT)可控聚合反应法合成了两亲性两嵌段共聚物 聚(异丙基丙烯酰胺)-b-聚(双丙酮丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAm-b-PDAAM),用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1H NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对其结构和组成进行了表征。 这种共聚物在水溶液中能够自组装成稳定的聚合物胶束,通过荧光探针测得其低临界胶束浓度(CMC)约为7.0 mg/L。 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和动态激光光散射(DLS)测得,PNIPAm-b-PDAAM在水溶液中自组装成核壳结构的球形胶束,SEM测得其直径约150 nm,且分散性良好。 以其聚合物胶束为载体、叶酸(FA)为模型药物,模拟人体生理环境进行药物体外释放。 结果表明,叶酸的负载量及负载率分别为25%和74%。 在人体温度37℃、pH值分别为4.0、6.86、9.18磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS)中,FA在20 h内的释放均比25 ℃快,释放速率随pH值增加而增大,最大累积释放率分别为31%、67%和72%。     

Facile Fabrication and Optical Properties of Nanostructural PbSe Films

PbSe films with different nanostructures, such as nanoparticles, nanohollows and hierarchical structures, can be synthesized by adjusting the current density and the reaction temperature via a convenient and efficient electrochemical route in the absence of hard template and surfactant. The calculated band gaps of the prepared PbSe nanoparticles and nanohollows were about 0.32 and 0.43 eV, respectively. This suggests that quantum size effect in nanohollows greatly influences their band gap. This preparation method possesses remarkable advantages, such as low cost, high efficiency and easy preparation, which are very suitable for preparing nanomaterials.     

多普勒激光雷达运动测风数据降噪处理

车载测风激光雷达在进行移动测量时,激光雷达在各个方位的累积时间变短,另外还有天空背景光、大气湍流、机械振动的干扰以及暗噪声、电子学噪声的影响,回波信号的信噪比会因此降低,从而限制激光雷达的探测范围。在风廓线的反演过程中利用窗口大小随距离变化的滑动平均滤波器和中值滤波器可将12~15 km的平均信噪比提高2.8倍,因而可有效提高探测距离。     

Supercooling Suppression of Microencapsulated n-Alkanes by Introducing an Organic Gelator

Supercooling of the microencapsulated phase change materials(PCMs) during cooling usually happens. This phenomenon can interfere with heat transfer and is necessary to further overcome. In this study, melamine- formaldehyde microcapsules containing two n-alkane PCMs, namely, n-dodecane(C₁₂) or n-tetradecane(C₁₄) were prepared by in situ polymerization. A small amount of n-hexatriacontane(C₃₆) was introduced as an organic gelator into the core of microcapsules to cope with the supercooling problem. Analyses demonstrate that supercooling of the microencapsulated C₁₂ or C₁₄ was significantly suppressed by adding 3%(mass fraction) C₃₆, without changing the spherical morphology and dispersibility. It could be also found that the enthalpy of microencapsulated C₁₂ or C₁₄ containing C₃₆ was similar to that of microencapsulated n-alkanes without C₃₆, whereas the difference between onsets of crystallization and melting(degree of supercooling) is similar to that of those of pure n-alkanes, suggesting the remarkable suppression ability of the organic gelator on supercooling.     

城市生活污水处理厂进出水三维荧光光谱特征分析

本文结合了PARAFAC模型研究了污水处理厂进出水的三维荧光光谱特征。结果表明城市生活污水具有4个荧光区域,其中进水的1区和2区的荧光中心较为明显,3区和4区荧光中心不明显;出水的四个荧光区都较为明显。运用平行因子法分析得出进水和出水DOM均含有3种主要的荧光组分,分别是类色氨酸、类酪氨酸和类腐殖质。3种荧光组分的得分值可以作为城市生活污水的另一荧光特征,根据得分值可以判断出进水中最不稳定的是类色氨酸和类酪氨酸,类腐殖酸则相对较为稳定。     

2种癸二酸咪唑啉季铵盐的合成及缓蚀性能评价

合成了2种癸二酸咪唑啉季铵盐癸二酸-水杨酸咪唑啉季铵盐(SSAI)和癸二酸咪唑啉季铵盐(SAI),并采用失重法和电化学方法研究了这2种咪唑啉季铵盐对N80钢在1 mol/L HCl溶液中的缓蚀性能和吸附行为。 结果表明,在1 mol/L HCl溶液中这2种化合物对N80钢均有较好的缓蚀作用,缓蚀效率大小顺序为SSAI＞SAI。 SSAI和SAI均为混合偏阳极型缓蚀剂。 2种化合物在N80钢表面的吸附服从Langmuir吸附等温式,属于化学吸附。     

纳米尺度流动速度计算的新方法

采用流体力学中流量与流速的计算和分子动力学相结合的方法,模拟液态氩在纳米通道内的三维Poiseuille流动和驱动方腔流动,计算流体流速.结果表明:平板形纳米通道内,该方法求得的流速与传统分子动力学方法所求流速基本吻合,可以用该方法计算不同壁面情况下的流速;对于纳米方腔通道内的流体,在不同模型下两种方法计算出的流速分布大致相同,但是其边界速度差别很大,在边界的速度计算方面新方法的精确度更高,收敛速度比传统方法快.     

双轴转台的八位置调平及失准角估算

重力梯度旋转平台调制实验时要求旋转平台台面的水平失准角在一定范围之内。使用两位置正交方法对双轴转台进行调平时,能保证正交两个方向上水平精度,但无法保证在多个方向上的水平精度。对此,提出了一种八位置调平方法,即将整周360°分为八个位置,两个相邻位置的夹角为45°,依次测量八个位置的水平失准角,取最大值和最小值之和的二分之一作为中值,每个位置失准角与中值求差,通过差值的符号并结合八位置图确定调高或调低相应的地脚。同时,给出了一种通过匀速旋转调制来估算台面最大水平失准角的方法。实验表明:在目前实验条件下,八位置调平方法能将转台台面最大失准角控制在3″以内,旋转调制估算的水平失准角为2.9″。