Coercivity analysis in R17Fe83−χBχ magnets

We studied the coercivity in magnets of composition R₁₇Fe_83−χB_χ (R = Nd, Pr and χ = 8, 30), using measurements of the coercive field H_c, its angular dependence, and the magnetic viscosity coefficient S_v, for temperatures between 4.2 and 500 K. The results are discussed in relation to a model which does not specifically consider the detailed mechanisms involved in magnetization reversal, but which provides information about the magnetic properties in the activation volume v where magnetization reversal is initiated. It is concluded that the ordering temperature in v tends to be slightly smaller than in the bulk and that the room temperature anisotropy in v is not strongly reduced with respect to the bulk value. Finally, a direct evaluation of the dipolar interactions is in good agreement with results obtained from H_c(T).     

Angular momentum effect in prescission particle multiplicities for a light system by diffusion model

The effect of angular momentum on the competition between fission and particle emission during light system fission process was studied via fission diffusion model. The prescission particle multiplicities were found to increase with decreasing angular momentum. The experimental prescission proton and α particle multiplicities can be fitted for 10.6 MeV/nucleon ⁸⁴Kr(²⁷Al,binary fission) reaction with this model. Entrance channel effect found in [1] is proved to be angular momentum effect.     

Numerical electromagnetic simulator termination de-embeddingtechnique

The authors report a novel approach whereby transmission-line end effects can be assessed by numerical simulation without recourse to the evaluation of the propagation properties of the line interconnecting the termination and excitation signal launch planes. As an example of the new technique, a microstrip open-ended line termination simulated by the finite-difference time-domain method is reported. The simulated results are compared with those obtained for the same structure but by a conventional numerical de-embedding scheme. The method presented is completely general and can be applied to any numerical electromagnetic field simulation method solving one-port or multiport networks     

AC hot-carrier effects in MOSFETs with furnaceN2O-nitrided gate oxides

AC hot-carrier effects in n-MOSFETs with thin (~85 Å) N₂O-nitrided gate oxides have been studied and compared with control devices with gate oxides grown in O₂. Results show that furnace N₂O-nitrided oxide devices exhibit significantly reduced AC-stress-induced degradation. In addition, they show weaker dependences of device degradation on applied gate pulse frequency and pulse width. Results suggest that the improved AC-hot-carrier immunity of the N₂O-nitrided oxide device may be due to the significantly suppressed interface state generation and neutral electron trap generation during stressing     

Synthesis and characterization of polyimides derived from (3‐amino‐2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐(3′‐aminophenyl)methanone and aromatic dianhydrides

A series of new polyimides were prepared via the polycondensation of (3‐amino‐2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐(3′‐aminophenyl)methanone and aromatic dianhydrides, that is, 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride, 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and 2,2′‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride. The structures of the polyimides were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and NMR measurements. The properties were evaluated by solubility tests, ultraviolet–visible analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The two different meta‐position‐located amino groups with respect to the carbonyl bridge in the diamine monomer provided it with an unsymmetrical structure. This led to a restriction on the close packing of the resulting polymer chains and reduced interchain interactions, which contributed to the solubility increase. All the polyimides except that derived from BPDA had good solubility in strong aprotic solvents, such as N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone, N,N′‐dimethylacetamide, N,N‐dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfone, and in common organic solvents, such as cyclohexanone and chloroform. In addition, these polyimides exhibited high glass‐transition values and excellent thermal properties, with an initial thermal decomposition temperature above 470 °C and glass‐transition temperatures in the range of 280–320 °C. The polyimide films also exhibited good transparency in the visible‐light region, with transmittance higher than 80% at 450 nm and a cutoff wavelength lower than 370 nm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1291–1298, 2006     

Meshless simulation of equilibrium swelling/deswelling of pH‐sensitive hydrogels

Hydrogels have been widely used in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and Bio‐MEMS devices. In this article, the equilibrium swelling/deswelling of the pH‐stimulus cylindrical hydrogel in the microchannel is studied and simulated by the meshless method. The multi‐field coupling model, called multi‐effect‐coupling pH‐stimulus (MECpH) model, is presented and used to describe the chemical field, electric field, and the mechanical field involved in the problem. The partial differential equations (PDEs) describing these three fields are either nonlinear or coupled together. This multi‐field coupling and high nonlinear characteristics produce difficulties for the conventional numerical methods (e.g., the finite element method or the finite difference method), so an alternative—meshless method is developed to discretize the PDEs, and the efficient iteration technique is adopted to solve the nonlinear problem. The computational results for the swelling/deswelling diameter of the hydrogel under the different pH values are firstly compared with experimental results, and they have a good agreement. The influences of other parameters on the mechanical properties of the hydrogel are also investigated in detail. It is shown that the multi‐field coupling model and the developed meshless method are efficient, stable, and accurate for simulation of the properties of the stimuli‐sensitive hydrogel. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 326–337, 2006     

Multiband properties of a fractal tree antenna generated byelectrochemical deposition

Experimental results on a fractal tree-like antenna are reported. The fractal structure is generated by electrochemical deposition. The antenna presents a multiband behaviour with a denser band distribution than the previously reported Sierpinski fractal antenna. The matched frequencies are related to the length distribution over the fractal shape     

A methodology for modeling the distributions of medical images and their stochastic properties

The probabilistic distribution properties of a set of medical images are studied. It is shown that the generalized Gaussian function provides a good approximation to the distribution of AP chest radiographs. Based on this result and a goodness-of-fit test, a generalized Gaussian autoregressive model (GGAR) is proposed. Its properties and limitations are also discussed. It is expected that the GGAR model will be useful in describing the stochastic characteristics of some classes of medical images and in image data compression and other applications.     

Direct ion beam deposition of polymeric styrene films and in situ characterization by electron spectroscopy

Polymeric styrene films with thicknesses ranging from about one nm up to a few m have been deposited by means of a direct ion beam deposition (IBD) technique. The deposition energy, which can be chosen independently of the parameters which govern the plasma conditions, has been varied between few eV and 1000 eV. The correlation between the deposition parameters and the resulting film properties in terms of the electronic structure is discussed. The in situ characterization by electron spectroscopy has proved to be a very useful characterization method and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy in particular revealed an extremely high sensitivity to structural differences in the deposited films. The polymeric films have also been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy. These techniques have also served to compare films prepared by the direct IBD technique with films obtained by standard rf plasma polymerization (RFPP) in a tubular reactor. Significant differences have been found which are dependent on the deposition parameters; these are discussed in detail.Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 327 Beijing, 100081 Beijing, P.R. China