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151.
An interaction quench in a Luttinger liquid can drive it into an athermal steady state. We analyze the effects on such an out of equilibrium state of a mode coupling term due to a periodic potential. Employing a perturbative renormalization group approach we show that even when the periodic potential is an irrelevant perturbation in equilibrium, it has important consequences on the athermal steady state as it generates a temperature as well as a dissipation and hence a finite lifetime for the bosonic modes. 相似文献
152.
Hydrogen is detected using a Pd/n-InP Schottky diode in which the elongated, very thin Pd electrode is of greater resistance than the underlying semiconductor substrate. Four-probe measurements of the device resistance, as a function of hydrogen concentration, are made by contacting only the Pd electrode, with a sensitivity of 1 ppm being achieved. On hydrogen exposure the device resistance drops from an initial high value, characteristic of the Pd electrode alone, to a lower value due to a hydrogen-induced lowering of the Schottky barrier that opens up the InP substrate as a parallel current carrying channel. 相似文献
153.
Sharma VK Mitra S Kumar A Yusuf SM Juranyi F Mukhopadhyay R 《J Phys Condens Matter》2011,23(44):446002
Here we report the dynamical behaviour of water in Prussian blue analogue (PBA) Cu(0.75)Mn(0.75)[Fe(CN)(6)]·7H(2)O molecular magnet in the temperature range 260-360 K as studied using the quasielastic neutron scattering technique. While significant quasielastic broadening is observed in the hydrated sample, no broadening was observed in the dehydrated one. Data analysis showed that the observed quasielastic broadening in Cu(0.75)Mn(0.75)[Fe(CN)(6)]·7H(2)O corresponds to the dynamics of the non-coordinated water molecules at the 32f site and the coordinated water molecules at the 24e site, existing in the cavities created by the absence of Fe(CN)(6) units. The non-coordinated water molecules at 8c interstitial sites do not contribute to the broadening, suggesting that they are immobile at least within the time window of the spectrometer used. Behaviour of the elastic incoherent structure factor is consistent with the model where the water molecules undergo translational diffusion localized within the cavity of 5.1 ?. While all the non-coordinated water molecules at the 32f site are dynamic over the entire range of temperatures, the coordinated ones at the 24e site become progressively dynamic with temperature. The water molecules were found to undergo hindered (~1.16 × 10(-5) cm(2) s(-1) at 300 K) diffusion compared to bulk water and the diffusivity followed Arrhenius behaviour within the measured temperature range with an activation energy of 1.26 kcal mol(-1). 相似文献
154.
Pradip B. SarawadeJong-Kil Kim Askwar HilongaDang Viet Quang Hee Taik Kim 《Applied Surface Science》2011,258(2):955-961
The conventional drying (oven drying) method used for the preparation of precipitated mesoporous silica with low surface area (>300 m2/g) and small pore volume is often associated with a high production cost and a time consuming process. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to develop a cost-effective and fast drying process for the production of precipitated mesoporous silica using inexpensive industrial grade sodium silicate and spray drying of the precipitated wet-gel silica slurry. The precipitated wet-gel silica slurry was prepared from an aqueous sodium silicate solution through the drop-wise addition of sulfuric acid. Mesoporous precipitated silica powder was prepared by drying the wet-gel slurry with different drying techniques. The effects of the oven drying (OD), microwave drying (MD), and spray drying (SD) techniques on the physical (oil, water absorption, and tapping density), and textural properties (specific BET surface area, pore volume, pore size, and % porosity) of the precipitated mesoporous silica powder were studied. The dried precipitated mesoporous silica powders were characterized with field-emission scanning electron microscopy; Brunauer, Emmett and Teller and BJH nitrogen gas adsorption/desorption methods; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; thermogravimetric and differential analysis; N2 physisorption isotherm; pore size distribution and particle size analysis. There was a significant effect of drying technique on the textural properties, such as specific surface area, pore size distribution and cumulative pore volume of the mesoporous silica powder. Additionally, the effect of the microwave-drying period on the physicochemical properties of the precipitated mesoporous silica powder was investigated and discussed. 相似文献
155.
156.
The technique of electrospinning offers the advantage of growing nanowires in bulk quantities in comparison with traditional
methods. We report optical studies of polycrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofibers (∼100 nm thick and 5 μm long) deposited by electrospinning. Photoluminescence from the nanofibers shows a near-ultraviolet (near-UV) peak corresponding
to near-band-edge emission and a strong broad peak in the visible region from oxygen antisite and interstitial defects. Temperature-dependent
photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals that different carrier recombination mechanisms are dominant at low temperature. Our
Raman spectroscopy results demonstrate that characterization of the quasimodes of longitudinal optical (LO) and transverse
optical (TO) phonons present in an ensemble of polycrystalline nanofibers tilted at various angles in addition to the dominant
E
2(high) mode provides a promising technique for assessing the quality of such randomly oriented nanowires. 相似文献
157.
Antibiotics include a wide range of compounds that in addition to having high solubility in water may be basic, acidic or neutral. Therefore, it is anticipated that no single method would be effective in simultaneously extracting all of these compounds. In recent times, microscale membrane extraction has evolved as a viable sample preparation alternative. The two major approaches are microscale supported liquid membrane extraction (μ-SLME) and microscale liquid-liquid membrane extraction (μ-LLME). An approach that includes μ-LLME as well as μ-SLME for acidic and basic compounds is presented for the extraction and concentration of diverse antibiotics in water. Enrichment factors as high as 2700 were achieved. Relative standard deviations ranged from 1.5% to 2.0%, and detection limits were as low as 92 ng/L. 相似文献
158.
159.
Multistage (MS) implementation of the minimum mean-square error (MMSE), minimum output energy (MOE), best linear unbiased estimation (BLUE), and maximum-likelihood (ML) filter banks (FBs) is developed based on the concept of the MS Wiener filtering (MSWF) introduced by Goldstein et al. These FBs are shown to share a common MS structure for interference suppression, modulo a distinctive scaling matrix at each filter's output. Based on this finding, a framework is proposed for joint channel estimation and multiuser detection (MUD) in frequency-selective fading channels. Adaptive reduced-rank equal gain combining (EGC) schemes for this family of FBs (MMSE, MOE, BLUE, and ML) are proposed for noncoherent blind MUD of direct-sequence code-division multiple-access systems, and contrasted with the maximal ratio combining counterparts that are also formed with the proposed common structure under the assumption of known channel-state information. The bit-error rate, steady-state output signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR), and convergence of the output SINRs are investigated via computer simulation. Simulation results indicate that the output SINRs attain full-rank performance with much lower rank for a highly loaded system, and that the adaptive reduced-rank EGC BLUE/ML FBs outperform the EGC MMSE/MOE FBs, due to the unbiased nature of the implicit BLUE channel estimators employed in the EGC BLUE/ML schemes. 相似文献
160.
Hole-doped rare-earth manganite La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and the electron-doped manganite La0.7Ce0.3MnO3 both show a metal-insulator transition around 250 K associated with a ferromagnetic transition and colossal magnetoresistance.
In an earlier publication we have reported the rectifying characteristic of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/SrTiO3/La0.7Ce0.3MnO3 tunnel junction at room temperature, showing that it is possible to fabricate a diode out of the polaronic insulator regime
of doped manganites. Here we report the magneto-transport properties of such a tunnel junction above and below the metal-insulator
transition. We show, from the large positive magnetoresistance of the tunnel junction at low temperature, that La0.7Ce0.3MnO3 could be a minority spin carrier ferromagnet. The implication of this observation is discussed. 相似文献