Dynamic multiscaling in turbulence

We give an overview of the progress that has been made in recent years in understanding dynamic multiscaling in homogeneous, isotropic turbulence and related problems. We emphasise the similarity of this problem with the dynamic scaling of time-dependent correlation functions in the vicinity of a critical point in, e.g., a spin system. The universality of dynamic-multiscaling exponents in fluid turbulence is explored by detailed simulations of the GOY shell model for fluid turbulence.     

Influence of magnetic quantization on the effective electron mass in Kane-type semiconductors

Summary We study the effective electron mass at the Fermi level in Kane-type semiconductors on the basis of fourth order in effective mass theory and taking into account the interactions of the conduction electrons, heavy holes, light holes and split-off holes, respectively. The results obtained are then compared to those derived on the basis of the well-known three-band Kane model. It is found, takingn-Hg_1−x Cd _x Te as an example, that the effective electron mass at the Fermi level in accordance with fourth-order model depends on the Fermi energy, magnetic quantum number and the electron spin respectively due to the influence of band nonparabolicity only. The dependence of effective mass on electron spin is due to spin-orbit splitting parameter of the valence band in three-band Kane model and the Fermi energy due to band nonparabolicity in two-band Kane model. The same mass exhibits an oscillatory magnetic-field dependence for all the band models as expected since the origin of oscillations in the effective mass in nonparabolic compounds is the same as that of the Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations. In addition, the corresponding results for parabolic energy bands have been obtained from the generalized expressions under certain limiting conditions.     

Detecting embedded pure network structures in LP problems

Recently, linear programming problems with special structures have assumed growing importance in mathematical programming. It is well known that exploiting network structures within linear programs can lead to considerable improvement of the computational solution of large-scale linear programming problems. A linear program is said to contain an embedded network structure provided that some subset of its constraints can be interpreted as specifying conservation of flow. If a column of the constraint matrix has at most two non-zeros, then it leads to embedded generalized network structure and if these non-zeros are unit elements and of opposite signs, then it leads to embedded pure network structure. In this paper, we are concerned with algorithms for detecting embedded pure network structures within linear programs. The network extraction methods are presented in two groups. The first group covers deletion and addition based algorithms and the second group covers GUB based algorithms. We have extended the GUB based algorithm appearing in the second group by introducing Markowitz merit count approach for exploiting matrix non zeros. A set of well known test problems has been used to carry out computational experiments which show that our extensions to the GUB based algorithms give better results than the algorithms reported earlier.     

Adaptive decorrelating detectors for CDMA systems

Multi-user detection allows for the efficient use of bandwidth in Code-Division Multiple-Access (CDMA) channels through mitigation of near-far effects and multiple-access noise limitations. Due to its inherent noise and multipath immunity, CDMA multi-access is being considered as a platform for personal communication systems (PCS). As CDMA based digital communication networks proliferate, the need to determine the presence of a new user and integrate knowledge of this new user into the detection scheme becomes more important. The decorrelating detector is a linear multi-user detector that is asymptotically optimal in terms of near far resistance; however, in the presence of a new unknown user, performance of the decorrelator is severely degraded. Adaptive decorrelators are constructed which adaptively augment an existing conventional decorrelator to demodulate a new active user in addition to existing users. Several likelihood ratio based schemes are employed. Both synchronous and asynchronous communication are investigated.This research was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office under Grant DAAH04-93-G-0219.     

Carbon-13 NMR signals of some benzodiazepine drugs

Some carbon-13 NMR signal assignments of diazepam, flurazepam, clonazepam and chlordiazepoxide have been revised and the assignments of nitrazepam are reported. The assignments of the various resonances were made by considering the changes in chemical shifts produced by the change of substituents and also by comparison with the chemical shifts of model compounds.     

Lattice dynamical calculation of the second Grüneisen constant of CsBr

The second order Grüneisen constant constitutes an additional measure of the anharmonicity in a solid (the Grüneisen constant itself being the first measure). This quantity and the corresponding second mode-Grüneisen parameters are calculated for CsBr using a modified rigid ion model of lattice dynamics. The model parameters are deduced from the three elastic constants and the long wavelength optical mode frequencies. Using the first and second order pressure dependences of these physical observables, the individual second mode-Grüneisen parameters are obtained as a function of wave vector. The temperature variation of the second Grüneisen constant is then deduced in a quasi-harmonic approximation. The second Grüneisen constant is also calculated from available thermodynamic data and is in reasonable agreement with the present theoretical prediction.     

Velocity autocorrelation in liquid sodium

The expression for the memory function of Corngold et al. has been modified using an effective potential for liquid sodium to calculate the velocity autocorrelation function and the coefficient of self diffusion. The results are found in good agreement with computer experiment results of Schiff.     

Change of force constant around a point defect in a solid

The local or gap mode frequencies of a host lattice-point defect system. XY:Z may be predicted from the properties of the end member pure crystals XY and XZ alone whenever pertinent data on pure crystals are available, without invoking any arbitrary force constant softening. In this instance the molecular model has been used, and relevant examples from alkali halides are presented. A modification of the Green's function technique is also discussed.     

Bethe-Salpeter equations forq $$\bar q$$ andqqq systems in the instantaneous approximation

We consider a model for elastic scattering and inelastic diffractive production at high energy, which is inspired by Quantum Chromodynamics. The pomeron arises in our model from gluon exchange between quark constituents. The color-neutrality of each hadron implies strong cancellations among the gluon exchanges. Hence our model is “subtractive”, in contrast to the old “additive” quark model. The subtractive model provides a natural explanation for the large cross section which is observed for diffractive dissociation. We show that multiple gluon exchange contributes significantly, alongside two gluon exchange, in building the pomeron.