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71.
Wiskur SL Lavigne JJ Ait-Haddou H Lynch V Chiu YH Canary JW Anslyn EV 《Organic letters》2001,3(9):1311-1314
[structure in text] The pK(a) values and the geometries of secondary and tertiary amines adjacent to boronic acids were determined using potentiometric and (11)B NMR titrations. The studies showed that the secondary ammonium ion has a pK(a) similar to that of the tertiary ammonium species, which leads to the formation of tetrahedral boron centers at pH values above approximately 5.5. Therefore, secondary amines as well as tertiary amines, when placed proximal to boron centers, can be used to create tetrahedral boronic acids at neutral pH for diol complexation. 相似文献
72.
Chao-Yi Tai Sheng Hsiung Chang TsenChieh Chiu 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2007,19(19):1448-1450
We present the design of an ultra-compact polarization beam splitter where three symmetrical dielectric channel waveguides are hybrid integrated with Au plasmonic waveguide arrays. Ultra-wideband operation over 50 THz with the insertion loss less than 2 dB for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic mode are predicted. The extinction ratio is better than 15 dB for both polarizations and it is realizable on a chip size as small as 0.93times4.2 mum2. 相似文献
73.
Laser-scanning angular deviation microscopy based on the small angle measurement using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phase
detection technique is proposed. The phase shift coming from a SPR sensor is measured by a common-path heterodyne interferometry.
This phase deviation is proportional to the beam converging or diverging angle, due to the specimen departing from the focal
plane of objective lens. Using the phase deviations, one can calculate the surface profile by use of numerical method. The
specimen could be scanned in real-time and the axial-resolution could be better than 1 nm.
PACS 07.79-v; 68.37.-d; 73.20.Mf; 42.30.Wb; 42.62.Eh 相似文献
74.
We have reported that photodynamic therapy (PDT) using the photosensitizer phthalocyanine (Pc) 4 and red light damages the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Recently, using transient transfection of Bcl-2 deletion mutants, we identified the membrane anchorage domains of Bcl-2 as necessary to form the photosensitive target. However, it is not clear how Bcl-2 photodamage sensitizes cells to Pc 4-PDT-induced apoptosis, whether overall cell killing is also sensitized or how up-regulation of Bcl-2 in tumors might make them more or less responsive to Pc 4-PDT. In this study we report on MCF-7c3 cells (human breast cancer cells expressing stably transfected procaspase-3) overexpressing wild-type Bcl-2 or certain deletion mutants in either a transient or a stable mode. By flow cytometric analysis of transiently transfected cells, we found that wild-type Bcl-2, Bcl-2delta33-54 and Bcl-2delta37-63 (each of which can be photodamaged) protected cells from apoptosis caused by Pc 4-PDT. In contrast, Bcl-2delta210-239, which lacks the C-terminal transmembrane domain and cannot be photodamaged, afforded no protection. We then evaluated the PDT sensitivity of transfected cell lines stably overexpressing high levels of wild-type Bcl-2 or one of the Bcl-2 mutants. Overexpression of wild-type Bcl-2, Bcl-2delta33-54 or Bcl-2delta37-63 resulted in relative resistance of cells to Pc 4-PDT, as assessed by morphological apoptosis or loss of clonogenicity. Furthermore, overexpression of Bcl-2 also inhibited the activation-associated conformational change of the proapoptotic protein Bax, and higher doses of Pc 4 and light were required to activate Bax in cells expressing high levels of Bcl-2. Many advanced cancer cells have elevated amounts of Bcl-2. Our results show that increasing the dose of Pc 4-PDT can overcome the resistance afforded by either Bcl-2 or the two mutants. PDT regimens that photodamage Bcl-2 lead to activation of Bax, induction of apoptosis and elimination of the otherwise resistant tumor cells. 相似文献
75.
A study of a bluff-body combustor using laser sheet lighting 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Laser sheet lighting is used to study reacting flows with and without heat release in an axisymmetric, unducted and vertically mounted bluff-body combustor. The fuel, which is seeded with titanium tetrachloride vapor, is ejected from a jet located in the center of the bluff-body. The TiCl4 in the dry fuel reacts spontaneously with the water in the annulus air to form titanium dioxide particles. High speed movies and visual observations of vertically and horizontally located sheets of laser light provided remarkably detailed visualization (via Mie scattering) of the vortex dynamics in the near-wake region of the bluff-body.A version of this paper was presented at the ASME Winter Annual Meeting of 1984 and printed in AMD, Vol. 66 相似文献
76.
Using 1 MHz pulse-echo ultrasound externally applied to detect mastoid effusion: cadaver experiments
The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of using ultrasound to detect mastoid effusion (ME). In the past, ultrasound has been used to measure middle ear effusion (MEE) by injecting water into the external ear canal to measure echoes from the tympanic membrane, which is uncomfortable for the patient. It has been shown that air cells in the mastoid of patients with MEE are filled with fluid, which implies that ME could be a useful indicator of MEE. This study suggests using ultrasound to detect ME as a potentially noninvasive approach for MEE detection. In vitro experiments were performed on ten cadaver samples of the human ear. A single-element 1 MHz transducer was used to measure the mastoid of each cadaver before and after injecting water into the mastoid. The experimental results showed that the relative amplitudes of ultrasonic signals differed significantly between before (0.24 ± 0.09, mean ± standard deviation) and after (0.15 ± 0.03) the water injection (p < 0.05, t-test), demonstrating that the ultrasonic reflection can be used to detect ME. The location of the human mastoid under the skin behind the ear allows external measurements, and hence ultrasound-based ME detection may be an alternative, noninvasive diagnostic approach to detecting MEE in the future, providing an examination that avoids discomfort. 相似文献
77.
Quality control is an important and integral part to any microfabrication process. While the widths of features often can be easily assessed by light microscopy, the heights of the fabricated structures are more difficult to determine. Here, we present a rapid, accurate, and low-cost method to measure the heights of microfabricated structures during and after the fabrication process. This technique is based on white-light interferometry, which offers accuracy on the submicrometre scale. 相似文献
78.
A trinuclear heterobimetallic Ru(II)/Pt(II) complex, cis-{Ru(phen)2[CN-Pt(DMSO)Cl2]2} (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), is able to function as a "switch-on" luminescent chemodosimeter for sulfhydryl-containing amino acids and peptides via specific binding of the amino acids/peptides with the Pt(II) centers and the subsequent cleavage of the Ru(II)-Pt(II) cyano-bridge. 相似文献
79.
Kimberly A. Kaplan Veronica M. Chiu Peter A. Lukus Xing Zhang William F. Siems James O. Schenk Herbert H. Hill Jr 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2013,405(6):1959-1968
We report results of studies of global and targeted neuronal metabolomes by ambient pressure ion mobility mass spectrometry. The rat frontal cortex, striatum, and thalamus were sampled from control nontreated rats and those treated with acute cocaine or pargyline. Quantitative evaluations were made by standard additions or isotopic dilution. The mass detection limit was ~100 pmol varying with the analyte. Targeted metabolites of dopamine, serotonin, and glucose followed the rank order of distribution expected between the anatomical areas. Data was evaluated by principal component analysis on 764 common metabolites (identified by m/z and reduced mobility). Differences between anatomical areas and treatment groups were observed for 53 % of these metabolites using principal component analysis. Global and targeted metabolic differences were observed between the three anatomical areas with contralateral differences between some areas. Following drug treatments, global and targeted metabolomes were found to shift relative to controls and still maintained anatomical differences. Pargyline reduced 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid below detection limits, and 5-HIAA varied between anatomical regions. Notable findings were: (1) global metabolomes were different between anatomical areas and were altered by acute cocaine providing a broad but targeted window of discovery for metabolic changes produced by drugs of abuse; (2) quantitative analysis was demonstrated using isotope dilution and standard addition; (3) cocaine changed glucose and biogenic amine metabolism in the anatomical areas tested; and (4) the largest effect of cocaine was on the glycolysis metabolome in the thalamus confirming inferences from previous positron emission tomography studies using 2-deoxyglucose. Figure
Instrumental schematic of an ion mobility mass spectrometer used for measuring changes in neuronal metabolomes of varying anatomical regions. Two-dimensional data is generated for each anatomical area of interest 相似文献
80.
T. C. Chang C. L. Liao K. H. Wu G. P. Wang Y. S. Chiu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1998,36(14):2521-2530
Poly(methylphenylsiloxane)–poly(methyl methacrylate) graft copolymers (PSXE-g-PMMA) were prepared by condensation reaction of poly(methylphenylsiloxane)-containing epoxy resin (PSXE) with carboxyl-terminated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and they were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), infrared (IR), and 29Si and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The microstructure of the PSXE-g-PMMA graft copolymer was investigated by proton spin–spin relaxation T2 measurements. The thermal stability and apparent activation energy for thermal degradation of these copolymers were studied by thermogravimetry and compared with unmodified PMMA. The incorporation of poly(methylphenylsiloxane) segments in graft copolymers improved thermal stability of PMMA and enhanced the activation energy for thermal degradation of PMMA. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 36: 2521–2530, 1998 相似文献