In vitro comparison of the charge-injection limits of activated iridium oxide (AIROF) and platinum-iridium microelectrodes

The charge-injection limits of activated iridium oxide electrodes (AIROF) and PtIr microelectrodes with similar geometric area and shape have been compared in vitro using a stimulation waveform that delivers cathodal current pulses with current-limited control of the electrode bias potential in the interpulse period. Charge-injection limits were compared over a bias range of 0.1-0.7 V (versus Ag/AgCl) and pulse frequencies of 20, 50, and 100 Hz. The AIROF was capable of injecting between 4 and 10 times the charge of the PtIr electrode, with a maximum value of 3.9 mC/cm2 obtained at a 0.7 V bias and 20 Hz frequency.     

Formation of beta-glucosamine and beta-mannose linkages using glycosyl phosphates

[reaction: see text] Glycosyl phosphates were examined for their utility in the synthesis of challenging glycosidic linkages. beta-Glucosamine glycosides were formed preferentially and in good yield. beta-Mannosides were constructed in high overall yield with modest anomeric selectivity. Interesting solvent and conformational influences on the stereochemical outcome of the coupling reactions were observed.     

La solution solide Cr1−xRhxO2

A new solid solution Cr_1?x,Rh_xO₂ (0?x?1) has been prepared using oxidizing acids or ammonium perchlorate under pressure. The magnetic study suggests that chromium (IV) and rhodium (IV) are present in the structure at x ? 0.2 and chromium (V) and rhodium (III) at 0.2 < x ? 0.5. Forx > 0.5 increasing rhodium (IV) content gives rise to properties similar to those of RhO₂.     

High oxygen pressure: A new route to the stabilization of unusual oxidation states of transition elements

Abstract

High oxygen pressures have been developed these last twenty years using three main methods: compressed gas, oxidizing solution or in solid state thermal decomposition of KClO₃.

Using these different techniques and adjusting the local structural and chemical bonding characterizing the local surrounding of a transition element, unusual oxidation states [Fe(IV), Fe(V),Co(III),Co(IV),Ni(III),Cu(III)] have been stabilized in oxygen lattices derived from the (3D) perovskite or (2D)K₂NiF₄ structures.     

Limits on spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross sections from the XENON10 experiment

XENON10 is an experiment to directly detect weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which may comprise the bulk of the nonbaryonic dark matter in our Universe. We report new results for spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon interactions with 129Xe and 131Xe from 58.6 live days of operation at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. Based on the nonobservation of a WIMP signal in 5.4 kg of fiducial liquid xenon mass, we exclude previously unexplored regions in the theoretically allowed parameter space for neutralinos. We also exclude a heavy Majorana neutrino with a mass in the range of approximately 10 GeV/c2-2 TeV/c2 as a dark matter candidate under standard assumptions for its density and distribution in the galactic halo.     

Colloidal CdSe quantum dot electroluminescence: ligands and light-emitting diodes

We examine the effects of surface ligand exchange on the performance of hybrid organic/inorganic light emitting diodes (LEDs) that use colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots as emissive centers. Using a series of primary alkylamines with different alkane chain lengths, we exchange the native surface ligands on a series of CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS core/shell/shell nanocrystal quantum dots and compare the differences in photoluminescence and electroluminescence efficiency of the emissive quantum dot layer. We fabricate LEDs made with octadecylamine-, octylamine-, and butylamine-exchanged quantum dots. We find that the differences in electroluminescence efficiency of the devices are not always proportional to the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the quantum dots. We discuss this trend both in terms of the competing needs of high photoluminescence efficiency and good charge injection and energy transfer, and also in terms of the different processability and film morphology arising from the use of nanoparticles passivated with shorter ligands. Correspondence: David S. Ginger, Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA