A Density Problem for Sobolev Spaces on Planar Domains

The Euler–Poisson equations model rotating gaseous stars. Numerous efforts have been made to establish the existence and properties of the rotating star solutions. Recent interests in extrasolar planet structures require extension of the model to include an inner rocky core together with its own gravitational potential. In this paper, we discuss various extensions of the classical rotating star results to incorporate a solid core.     

A note on nodal structures,partial screening,and periodic trends among alkali metals and alkaline earths

The first ionization potential of Na is close to that of Li but much larger than that of K. Similar trends were noted for the electronegativities or for the calculated atomic charges in partially covalent alkali metal hydrides MH or methide compounds, MCH₃ (M=Li–Cs) by Lambert, Kaupp, and Schleyer. This trend can be understood by combining the effects of the nodal structure, as function of the principal quantum number, n, and the lanthanide contraction‐like effects of partial screening from both the 1s and 2p shells. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001     

Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu‐Mg‐Si system in its copper‐rich region

A thermodynamic assessment of the ternary Cu‐Mg‐Si system was made in its copper‐rich region in relation with the development of a thermodynamic database for Cu‐Mg alloys. The adjustable parameters of the binary end‐systems (Cu‐Mg, Cu‐Si and Mg‐Si) were taken from the literature and those of the Cu‐Mg‐Si system were optimized using experimental thermodynamic and topological data. For the sake of simplicity, the solution phases were described with the substitutional solution model and the intermetallic compounds were treated as plain semi‐stoichiometric phases ((A,B)_pC_q‐type). The assessment developed is applicable for magnesium contents up to 20 wt% (i.e. magnesium mole fractions ≈0.4) and silicon contents up to 16 wt% (i.e. silicon mole fractions ≈0.3). (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

An interactive evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm with a limited number of decision maker calls

This paper presents a preference-based method to handle optimization problems with multiple objectives. With an increase in the number of objectives the computational cost in solving a multi-objective optimization problem rises exponentially, and it becomes increasingly difficult for evolutionary multi-objective techniques to produce the entire Pareto-optimal front. In this paper, an evolutionary multi-objective procedure is combined with preference information from the decision maker during the intermediate stages of the algorithm leading to the most preferred point. The proposed approach is different from the existing approaches, as it tries to find the most preferred point with a limited budget of decision maker calls. In this paper, we incorporate the idea into a progressively interactive technique based on polyhedral cones. The idea is also tested on another progressively interactive approach based on value functions. Results are provided on two to five-objective unconstrained as well as constrained test problems.     

On solvability of a two-sided singular control problem

We study a two-sided singular control problem in a general linear diffusion setting and provide a set of conditions under which an optimal control exists uniquely and is of singular control type. Moreover, under these conditions the associated value function can be written in a quasi-explicit form. Furthermore, we investigate comparative static properties of the solution with respect to the volatility and control parameters. Lastly we illustrate the results with two explicit examples.     

Combined drug screening and confirmation by liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry with reverse database search

A method based on in-source collision-induced dissociation (ISCID) liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOFMS) and reverse target database search was developed and evaluated for drug screening and confirmation in analytical toxicology context. An established LC-TOFMS screening method, in which identification relies solely on protonated molecule accurate mass measurement, isotopic pattern fit, and retention time (RT), was completed to include 1–3 qualifier ions for each analyte in the database. The qualifier ions for 431 compounds were selected from the experimental ISCID spectra, and their molecular formulae were assigned by applying SmartFormula3D and MSFragmenter software. Three qualifier ions were assigned for 64.5%, two or three for 81.4%, one for 14.8%, and none for 3.7% of the compounds studied. Comparison between ISCID LC-TOFMS and LC-TOFMS with 25 authentic autopsy urine samples showed an improved confidence level with the ISCID method, as isomeric interferences were excluded in most cases. However, some false negative (FN) results were obtained at low concentration levels close to the reporting criteria. The cut-off concentration of the ISCID method was 10–100 ng/mL with 80% of the 49 representative compounds tested, and the level was approximately two times higher than that obtained by LC ion trap MS. The presented method enables simultaneous screening and confirmation whenever at least one qualifier ion is available, as applying an accurate mass precursor ion and one product ion surpasses the standard of four identification points that is required by the current EU protocol.