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971.
Structural elucidation of metabolites of ritonavir and indinavir by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The structural elucidation of metabolites of ritonavir and indinavir, HIV-protease inhibitor drugs, by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is described. Ritonavir and indinavir were biotransformed separately by incubation with transplant quality human liver microsomes. The incubation mixture was then analyzed by HPLC coupled to ion trap (ITMS) and triple quadrupole mass analyzers. The metabolites retained most of the structural features of the parent molecules. Baseline chromatographic resolution of isobaric species by gradient elution HPLC permitted rapid structural identification of these metabolites. Both drugs were biotransformed primarily by oxidative and hydrolytic pathways to numerous metabolites that retained many of the features of the parent molecules. Triple quadrupole and ion trap mass spectrometry were applied jointly to thoroughly detect and thoroughly characterize these metabolites. Furthermore, retention-time and data-dependent scanning assured acquisition of detailed MS-MS spectra for rapid detection of metabolic pathways of ritonavir and indinavir. Comparison of the ITMS and triple quadrupole data showed qualitative and quantitative differences in the mass spectral patterns, suggesting that these instruments should be used in parallel to ensure comprehensive metabolite detection and characterization by LC-MS. 相似文献
972.
The reactions of a series of 5-alkyl-2-thiophenedithiocarboxylates with nickel(II) chloride afforded two types of complexes, blue nickel(II) complexes with two terminal dithiocarboxylate ligands, [Ni(S2CTR)2] and violet nickel(II) complexes with perthio- and dithiocarboxylate ligands, [Ni(S2CTR)(S3CTR)] (where T = 2,5-disubstituted thiophene, R = CnH2n+1, n = 4, 6, 8, 12, 16). The blue monomers are preferred for the shorter chains (C4 and C6) and the violet compounds form exclusively for the longer chains (C8, C12, and C16) in the alkylthiophene complexes. In addition to the above series, [Ni(S2CTCH3)2], was prepared in a one-pot reaction in THF and both the blue and violet products were isolated. It was possible to convert the blue complexes [Ni(S2CTR)2] (R = butyl, hexyl) into the corresponding violet complexes [Ni(S2CTR)(S3CTR)] after stirring in THF solutions for prolonged periods of time. Liquid-crystalline properties of these complexes were examined by DSC and POM. The violet complexes with C8 and C12 alkyl chains showed liquid-crystalline properties. 相似文献
973.
Jun Liu Kelton A. Schleyer Tyrel L. Bryan Changjian Xie Gustavo Seabra Yongmei Xu Arjun Kafle Chao Cui Ying Wang Kunlun Yin Benjamin Fetrow Paul K. P. Henderson Peter Z. Fatland Jian Liu Chenglong Li Hua Guo Lina Cui 《Chemical science》2021,12(1):239
Heparanase (HPA) is a critical enzyme involved in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and its elevated expression has been linked with diseases such as various types of cancer and inflammation. The detection of heparanase enzymatic activity holds tremendous value in the study of the cellular microenvironment, and search of molecular therapeutics targeting heparanase, however, no structurally defined probes are available for the detection of heparanase activity. Here we present the development of the first ultrasensitive fluorogenic small-molecule probe for heparanase enzymatic activity via tuning the electronic effect of the substrate. The probe exhibits a 756-fold fluorescence turn-on response in the presence of human heparanase, allowing one-step detection of heparanase activity in real-time with a picomolar detection limit. The high sensitivity and robustness of the probe are exemplified in a high-throughput screening assay for heparanase inhibitors.Heparanase, a critical enzyme involved in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, activates a disaccharide probe HADP to give a strong fluorescence signal. 相似文献
974.
RAMAN and IR spectroscopic investigation of alkyl derivatives of arsenic acid. II. Vibrational spectra of some alkanearsonic acid dialkylesters RAMAN and IR spectra of CH3AsO(OCH3)2, CH3AsO(OC2H5)2, C2H5AsO(OCH3)2, and C2H5AsO(OC2H5)2, are communicated and discussed. Their skeleton CAsO(OC)2 has very probably Cs symmetry. 相似文献
975.
I. A. Mostert P. Anker H. -B. Jenny U. Oesch W. E. Morf D. Ammann Prof. Dr. W. Simon 《Mikrochimica acta》1985,85(1-2):33-38
Summary Silicone rubber is a universal membrane matrix for neutral carrier based ion-selective electrodes. Carrier antibiotics as well as synthetic ionophores yield sensors with selectivities that are comparable or even higher than those of corresponding poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane systems. The permeability of silicone rubber membranes for gas molecules is about ten times higher than the permeability of PVC membranes. In contrast, the electrical conductivity is by a factor of 10–100 lower.
Auf neutralen Carriern beruhende Silikongummimembran-Elektroden mit Selektivität für H3O+, K+, NH4 + und Ca2+
Zusammenfassung In ionenselektiven Elektroden auf der Basis von neutralen Carriern läßt sich Silikongummi als universelle Membranmatrix einsetzen. Entsprechende Sensoren sind sowohl mit ionenselektiven Antibiotika als auch mit synthetischen Carriern realisiert worden. Ihre Selektivitäten übertreffen teilweise jene von entsprechenden PVC-Membranen. Die Permeabilität der Silikongummimembranen für Gasmolekel ist ungefähr zehnmal höher als jene von PVC-Membranen. Andererseits ist die elektrische Leitfähigkeit um einen Faktor 10–100 niedriger.相似文献
976.
1,2-Dichloroethylene undergoes a stereospecific photoreaction with benzonitrile, the three tolunitriles, α,α,α-trifluorotoluene, fluorobenzene, and chlorobenzene to give substituted 6- 7- dichlorotricyclo[3,3,0,02,8]oct-3-enes which on treatment with base yield cyclised products or semibullvalenes: phenol yields dichlorobicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-8-one with this ethylene photochemically. 相似文献
977.
Paul C. Kline Bruce C. Noll Hongqiu Zhao Anthony S. Serianni 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2007,63(2):o137-o140
1‐(β‐d ‐Erythrofuranosyl)cytidine, C8H11N3O4, (I), a derivative of β‐cytidine, (II), lacks an exocyclic hydroxymethyl (–CH2OH) substituent at C4′ and crystallizes in a global conformation different from that observed for (II). In (I), the β‐d ‐erythrofuranosyl ring assumes an E3 conformation (C3′‐exo; S, i.e. south), and the N‐glycoside bond conformation is syn. In contrast, (II) contains a β‐d ‐ribofuranosyl ring in a 3T2 conformation (N, i.e. north) and an anti‐N‐glycoside linkage. These crystallographic properties mimic those found in aqueous solution by NMR with respect to furanose conformation. Removal of the –CH2OH group thus affects the global conformation of the aldofuranosyl ring. These results provide further support for S/syn–anti and N/anti correlations in pyrimidine nucleosides. The crystal structure of (I) was determined at 200 K. 相似文献
978.
Fei Yu Yuhuan Liu Xuejun Pan Xiangyang Lin Chengmei Liu Paul Chen Roger Ruan 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2006,130(1-3):574-585
This research investigated a novel process to prepare polyester from corn stover through liquefaction and crosslinking processes.
First, corn stover was liquefied in organic solvents (90 wt% ethylene glycol and 10 wt% ethylene carbonate) with catalysts
at moderate temperature under atmospheric pressure. The effect of liquefaction temperature, biomass content, and type of catalyst,
such H2SO4, HCl, H3PO4, and ZnCl2, was evaluated. Higher liquefaction yield was achieved in 2 wt% sulfuric acid, 1/4 (w/w) stover to liquefying reagent ratio;
160°C temperature, in 2h. The liquefied corn stover was rich in polyols, which can be directly used as feedstock for making
polymers without further separation or purification. Second, polyester was made from the liquefied corn stover by crosslinking
with multifunctional carboxylic acids and/or cyclic acid anhydrides. The tensile strength of polyester is about 5 MPa and
the elongation is around 35%. The polyester is stable in cold water and organic solvents and readily biodegradable as indicated
by 82% weight loss when buried in damp soil for 10 mo. The results indicate that this novel polyester could be used for the
biodegradable garden mulch film production. 相似文献
979.
G. L. Molnár Zs. Révay R. L. Paul R. M. Lindstrom 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1998,234(1-2):21-26
Applying thek
0 standardization method to prompt-gamma activation analysis (PGAA) offers similar benefits as in instrumental neutron activation
analysis. It has been demonstrated that under constant flux conditionsk
0-factors obtained by normalizing to a titanium comparator, measured separately, yield consistent analytical sensitivity ratios.
The ratio method has been generalized by using stoichiometric compounds for the determination ofk
0-factors. Since chlorine forms compounds with essentially everyelement and it also serves as a detector efficiency standard,k
0 values have been determined relative to chlorine as an internal standard for several analytically important elements in two
reactor facilities: the thermal guided beam at the BRR in Budapest and the cold-neutron beams at the NBSR at NIST. 相似文献
980.
Christine Bauhofer Hansjürgen Mattausch Reinhard K. Kremer Arndt Simon 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》1995,621(9):1501-1507
The Gadolinium Carbide Halides, Gd4C2X3 (X = Cl, Br) The compounds Gd4C2X3 (X = Cl, Br) and Tb4C2Br3 have been prepared by reaction of the metals (RE), REX3, and C in sealed Ta capsules at 1 100° and 1 300°C, respectively. Monophasic samples of Gd4C2Br3 and Tb4C2Br3 were obtained by reacting stoichiometric mixtures of the starting materials for five days. The needle shaped crystals are bronze-coloured and sensitive to air and moisture. Gd4C2X3 crystallizes in the space group Pnma (No. 62) with lattice constants a = 1 059.6(4), b = 368.4(1), c = 1 962.7(8) pm (Gd4C2Cl3), a = 1 084.4(1), b = 373.0(1), c = 2 036.1(1) pm (Gd4C2Br3). According to Guinier photographs, Tb4C2Br3 is isotypic (a = 1 074.3(2), b = 370.6(1), c = 2 019.4(1) pm). In the crystal structure C is octahedrally coordinated by Gd. The Gd6 octahedra are linked via common edges to form corrugated layers. The X-anions coordinate all free edges and corners of these layers and connect them via Xi? Xi contacts parallel [001]. Gd4C2Br3 shows metallic conductivity. The magnetic susceptibility follows at high temperatures a Curie Weiss law with an effective moment of 7.95 μB. At temperatures below 50 K antiferromagnetic order is observed. 相似文献