Chloryl nitrate: a novel product of the OClO + NO3 + M recombination

The products of the reaction of OClO with NO3 were investigated between 220 and 298 K using a flow reactor and infrared, visible, and ultraviolet analysis. At temperatures below 250 K new infrared and ultraviolet absorption features were observed and assigned to the novel compound chloryl nitrate (O2ClONO2). Additionally, ClO and NO2 were observed as reaction products, indicating the existence of a second reaction channel. O2ClONO2 formation predominates at temperatures below 230 K. The reaction rate constant at 220 K is estimated to be on the order of 10(-14) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 in 1-5 Torr of helium. These observations suggest that O2ClONO2 may exist in the terrestrial stratosphere.     

Angular momentum decoupling approximations in the quantum dynamics of reactive systems

Two methods for implementing angular momentum decoupling approximations in quantum mechanical reactive scattering examined. Applications of both reactive and nonreactive H + H₂ collisions indicate that for the most intense individual reactive transitions and for all degeneracy-averaged ones, these decoupling methods (especially the “proper” decoupling method) yield results in good agreement with those of fully-coupled calculations. However, for the less intense reactive transitions and all individual nonreactive transitions, very large errors can result from use of these approximate methods.     

Partial purification of active delta and epsilon subunits of the membrane ATPase from escherichia coli.

We have partially purified active delta and epsilon subunits of the E. coli membrane-bound Mg2+-ATPase (ECF1). Treating purified ECF1 with 50% pyridine precipitates the major subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma) of the enzyme, but the two minor subunits (delta and epsilon), which are present in relatively small amounts, remain in solution. The delta and epsilon subunits were then resolved from one another by anion exchange chromatography. The partially purified epsilon strongly inhibits the hydrolytic activity of ECF1. The epsilon fraction inhibits both the highly purified five-subunit ATPase and the enzyme deficient in the delta subunit. The latter result indicates that the delta subunit is not required for inhibition by epsilon. By contrast, two-subunit enzyme, consisting chiefly of the alpha and beta subunits, was insensitive to the ATPase inhibitor, suggesting that the gamma subunit may be required for inhibition by epsilon. The partially purified delta subunit restored the capacity of ATPase deficient in delta to recombine with ATPase-depleted membranes and to reconstitute ATP-dependent transhydrogenase. Previously we reported (Biochem, Biophys. Res. Commun. 62:764 [1975]) that a fraction containing both the delta and epsilon subunits of ECF1 restored the capacity of ATPase missing delta to recombine with depleted membranes and to function as a coupling factor in oxidative phosphorylation and for the energized transhydrogenase. These reconstitution experiments using isolated subunits provide rather substantial evidence that the delta subunit is essential for attaching the ATPase to the membrane and that the epsilon subunit has a regulatory function as an inhibitor of the ATPase activity of ECF1.     

pH-metric studies on some ternary complexes of lanthanones

Stepwise mixed ligand complex formation has been cited for the formation of 111,Ln(III)—NTA—catechol ternary complexes potentiometrically [whereLn(III)=La(III), Pr(III) or Nd(III)]. The results of titration curves indicate the formation of 11,Ln(III)—NTA complexes in beginning and the addition of catechol, takes place later on in the higher buffer region. The relative stability of these ternary complexes in terms of metal ion has been reported as La(III)< 相似文献   

Biogenic substances in sediments and fossils

Most sedimentary rocks contain small concentrations of finely divided organic material. With the aid of modern analytical methods, samples of such rocks can be examined in detail, and conclusions can be drawn concerning the origin of the organic substances. Intact or modified biogenic compounds such as paraffins, isoprenoids, alcohols, ketones, carboxylic acids, steroids, triterpenes, and porphyrins have been isolated from the soluble fractions of the organic material of many sediments and from identified fossils of various geological ages. Even Precambrian rocks contain biogenic substances, so that life forms must have existed more than three billion years ago. The main component of the organic material is “kerogen”, the complicated polymeric structure of which has not yet been established.     

The viscoelasticity and structure of fibrous proteins

Summary DynamicYoung's moduli of wool fibres in water have been measured over a range of two decades in rate of extension and at temperatures from 0 to 90 C. Small displacements were used, corresponding to extensions of 0.1%. These were imposed upon mean extensions of (a) 1%, (b) 15% and (c) 40%, representative of the three main extension regions of-keratin. The results obtained show great differences from the slopes of the corresponding regions of the force-extension curve carried out at the same temperature and rate of extension.Comparison of the small-strain dynamic moduli in the three regions (a), (b) and (c) indicate that there is a component of the modulus in (a) amounting to 1.3×10¹⁰ dynes/cm² which is associated with intact-helical filaments, and which is substantially constant up to at least 70 C.Approximate superposition of the dynamic moduli at different rates was achieved using theWilliams-Landel-Ferry (WFL) equation with a reference temperature of 35 C. It is thereby concluded that under the present conditions-keratin has an effective glasstransition in the vicinity of –15 C. Above 60–70 C the WLF relation was not obeyed, indicating the presence of a relaxing process with a different temperature-dependence from that of the normal viscoelastic mechanisms; it is suggested that this process may consist in the fission and re-formation of cystine groups.

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Zusammenfassung Die dynamischenYoung-Moduln von Wollfasern in Wasser wurden über einen Bereich von zwei Dekaden der Streckgeschwindigkeit und Temperaturen zwischen 0 und 90 gemessen. Die maximal verwendeten Auslenkungen entsprechen einer Ausdehnung von 0,1%. Diese wurden den mittleren Dehnungen von (a) 1%, (b) 15% und (c) 40% überlagert entsprechend den drei Hauptbereichen der Dehnung von-Keratin. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse zeigen gro\e Differenzen für die Steigungen der entsprechenden Bereiche Kraft-Dehnungs-Diagramm für gleiche Temperaturen und gleiche Dehnungsgeschwindigkeit.Ein Vergleich der Dehn-Moduln für kleine Dehnungen in den drei Bereichen (a), (b) und (c) zeigen, da\ in (a) eine Komponente des Moduls von etwa 1,3×10¹⁰dyn/ cm² enthalten ist, verbunden mit den intakten-Helices der Moleküle. Und diese bleiben im wesentlichen unverändert bis zu Temperaturen von wenigstens 70 C.Näherungsweise Superposition der dynamischen Moduln bei verschiedenen Dehngeschwindigkeiten konnte mit Hilfe derWilliams-Landel-Ferry (WLF)-Gleichung hinsichtlich einer Referenz-Temperatur von 35 C erreicht werden. Hieraus folgt, da\ unter den angewandten Bedingungen das-Keratin eine effektive Glasübergangstemperatur in der Nachbarschaft von –15C besitzt. Oberhalb von 60 bis 70 C wird die WLP-Gleichung nicht befolgt. Das zeigt die Mitwirkung von Relaxations-Prozessen mit einer unterschiedlichen Temperatur-Abhängigkeit von der der normalen viscoelastischen Mechanismen an. Es ist zu vermuten, da\ dieser Proze\ auf der Aufspaltung und Wiederbildung von Cystin-Gruppen beruht.

     

Some lessons from the development of metal hydride chemistry in the light of hydrogen storage problems

The main trends of the chemistry of hydrides of transition metals and their alloys are briefly reviewed. “Sensational” hydrogen capacity data and the potential of some metal materials (metals, alloys, and quasi-crystals) and carbon nanomaterials in reversible hydrogen storage applications are critically analyzed. The significance of research in this field for hydrogen energy applications is underlined.     

(2-Vinyloxyethyl)hydrazines

Reaction of hydrazine hydrate with 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether afforded (2-vinyloxyethyl)hydrazine and 1,1-bis(2-vinyloxyethyl)hydrazine in 20-38% yield.     

Fluorescence from the second excited singlet state of [18] annulenes

The emission spectra of the second excited singlet state of [18] annulene and of monofluoro [18] annulene (in a 3-methylpentane glass at 4 K) are reported. The large energy gap between the first and second excited singlet states inhibits fast internal conversion and favours the appearance of S₂ → S₀ emission. In addition, fluorescence from the S₁ state can be observed in monofluoro [13] annulene by exciting into the S₂ or directly into the S₁ absorption.