16.7-fA/cell tunnel-leakage-suppressed 16-Mb SRAM for handling cosmic-ray-induced multierrors

Tunnel-leakage currents become the dominant form of leakage as MOS technology advances. An electric-field-relaxation scheme that suppresses these currents is described. Cosmic-ray-induced multierrors have now become a serious problem at sea level. An alternate error checking and correction architecture for the handling of such errors is also described, along with the application of both schemes in an ultralow-power 16-Mb SRAM. A test chip fabricated by using 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS technology showed per-cell standby-current values of 16.7 fA at 25/spl deg/C and 101.7 fA at 90/spl deg/C. The chip provided a 99.5% reduction in soft errors under accelerated neutron-exposure testing.     

Charge‐Conversional Polyionic Complex Micelles—Efficient Nanocarriers for Protein Delivery into Cytoplasm

Special delivery! Polyionic complex (PIC) micelles that contain the charge‐conversional moieties citaconic amide or cis‐aconitic amide were developed for cytoplasmic protein delivery. The increase of the charge density on the protein cargo helped the stability of the PIC micelles without cross‐linking, and the charge‐conversion in endosomes induced the dissociation of the PIC micelles to result in efficient endosomal release (see picture).

     

Discrete Approximations of Determinantal Point Processes on Continuous Spaces: Tree Representations and Tail Triviality

We prove tail triviality of determinantal point processes \( \mu \) on continuous spaces. Tail triviality has been proved for such processes only on discrete spaces, and hence we have generalized the result to continuous spaces. To do this, we construct tree representations, that is, discrete approximations of determinantal point processes enjoying a determinantal structure. There are many interesting examples of determinantal point processes on continuous spaces such as zero points of the hyperbolic Gaussian analytic function with Bergman kernel, and the thermodynamic limit of eigenvalues of Gaussian random matrices for \(\hbox {Sine}_2 , \hbox {Airy}_2 , \hbox {Bessel}_2 \), and Ginibre point processes. Our main theorem proves all these point processes are tail trivial.     

NanoPARCEL: a method for controlling cellular behavior with external light

We developed a simple preparation procedure for the protein encapsulated nanoparticle and used the nanoparticle for spatiotemporal activity control of various proteins. We succeeded in the local protein activation within cells by light using the nanoparticle.     

Terpendole E,a Kinesin Eg5 Inhibitor,Is a Key Biosynthetic Intermediate of Indole-Diterpenes in the Producing Fungus Chaunopycnis alba

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Highlights? The terpendole biosynthetic gene cluster was isolated ? Terpendole E is a key biosynthetic intermediate of indole-diterpenes ? Terpendole E was overproduced by gene knockout of the bispecific enzyme TerP ? Indole-diterpene biosynthetic pathways can be classified into two groups     

Coulomb and strong interactions for Bose-Einstein correlations

We present an analytical formula for the Bose-Einstein correlations (BEC) which includes effects of both Coulomb and strong final state interactions (FSI). It was obtained by using Coulomb wave function together with the scattering partial wave amplitude of the strong interactions describing data on thes-wave phase shift. We have proved numerically that this method is equivalent to solving Schrödinger equation with Coulomb and thes-wave strong interaction potentials. As an application we have analysed, using our formula which includes the degree of coherence and the long range correlation, the data fore ⁺ e ^? annihilations. We have found that the degree of coherence present in our formula approaches approximately unity whereas the long range correlation parameter becomes approximately zero. These results suggest that the physical meanings of the fractional degree of coherence and the long range correlation observed in various other analyses can most probably be attributed to FSI.     

Extended Gaussian ensemble or q-statistics in hadronic production processes?

The extended Gaussian ensemble introduced recently as a generalization of the canonical ensemble, which allows to treat energy fluctuations present in the system, is used to analyze the inelasticity distributions in high energy multiparticle production processes.     

Memory at VLSI Circuits Symposium

Over the last decades, the Symposium has been the premier forum for memory, putting more emphasis on seminal memory circuits rather than on record-setting performances with actually fabricated full chips, which has been the emphasis at the ISSCC. Indeed, it has been the breeding ground for DRAMs, SRAMs, flash memories, and other memories.