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21.
Cellulose synthesis in maize: isolation and expression analysis of the cellulose synthase (CesA) gene family 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Laura Appenzeller Monika Doblin Roberto Barreiro Haiyin Wang Xiaomu Niu Krishna Kollipara Lori Carrigan Dwight Tomes Mike Chapman Kanwarpal S. Dhugga 《Cellulose (London, England)》2004,11(3-4):287-299
Stalk lodging in maize results in significant yield losses. We have determined that cellulose per unit length of the stalk is the primary determinant of internodal strength. An increase in cellulose concentration in the wall might allow simultaneous improvements in stalk strength and harvest index. Cellulose formation in plants can be perturbed by mutations in the genes involved in cellulose synthesis, post-synthetic cellulose alteration or deposition, N-glycosylation, and some other genes with as yet unknown functions. We have isolated 12 members of the cellulose synthase (CesA) gene family from maize. The genes involved in primary wall formation appear to have duplicated relatively independently in dicots and monocots. The deduced amino acid sequences of three of the maize genes, ZmCesA10–12, cluster with the Arabidopsis CesA sequences that have been shown to be involved in secondary wall formation. Based on their expression patterns across multiple tissues, these three genes appear to be coordinately expressed. The remaining genes show overlapping expression to varying degrees with ZmCesA1, 7, and 8 forming one group, ZmCesA3 and 5 a second group, and ZmCesA2 and 6 exhibiting independent expression of any other gene. This suggests that the varying levels of coexpression may just be incidental except in the case of ZmCesA10–12, which may interact with each other to form a functional enzyme complex. Isolation of the expressed CesA genes from maize and their association with primary or secondary wall formation has made it possible to test their respective roles in cellulose synthesis through mutational genetics or transgenic approaches. This information would be useful in improving stalk strength. 相似文献
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多相催化反应原位红外系统及其应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
设计和建立了一套能耐高温的用于多相催化反应研究的原位红外系统,反应温度从室温到1150K,系统真空为1.0*10^5-1.0-10^-4Pa,红外光谱检测范围为4800-200cm^-1。此系统扩展了原仪器的功能,提高了仪器利用率和效率。 相似文献
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Three novel perylene polyimides (PPIs) containing p‐n diblock units were designed and synthesized for use in dye‐sensitized mesoporous TiO2 solar cells. They all dissolve in m‐cresol and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP). Their visible light absorption, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties were systematically studied. The polyimides have band gap energies of 2.16, 2.19 and 2.25 eV deduced from ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra, and electron affinity (Ea) and ionization potential (IP) of ?3.93 and 6.10 eV for PPI1, ?3.94 and 6.13 eV for PPI2, ?3.93 and 6.59 eV for PPI3, respectively, deduced from cyclic voltammogram. Experimental data show that introduction of 4,4′‐bisaminetriphenylamine cannot only greatly enhance optic‐electro conversion efficiency, but also enhance the dissolubility which in favorable for making the devices. The relationship of structure and properties of PPI is discussed and the mechanism of photocurrent generation is explained. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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We investigate a diffusive, stage-structured epidemic model with the maturation delay and freelymoving delay. Choosing delays and diffusive rates as bifurcation parameters, the only possible way to destabilize the endemic equilibrium is through Hopf bifurcation. The normal forms of Hopf bifurcations on the center manifold are calculated, and explicit formulae determining the criticality of bifurcations are derived. There are two different kinds of stable oscillations near the first bifurcation: ... 相似文献
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Xiaohui Chen Niu Niu Dan Li Zicong Zhang Zeyan Zhuang Dingyuan Yan Jiangao Li Zujin Zhao Dong Wang Ben Zhong Tang 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(8):2211571
Photoactivatable agent is a powerful tool in biomedicine studies due to high-precision spatiotemporal control of light. However, those previously reported agents generally suffer from short wavelength, fluorescence self-quenching effect, and the lack of photosensitizing property, which severely restrict their practical applications. To address these issues, molecular engineering of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives is conducted to obtain an optimized agent, namely TPA-DHPy-Py, which exhibits low oxidation potential, high photoactivation efficiency, and excellent type I/II combined photodynamic activity. Concurrently, its photoactivated counterpart is featured by aggregation-induced near-infrared emission and remarkable reactive oxygen species (ROS) production efficiency. Upon photoactivation, TPA-DHPy-Py is capable of precisely identifying cancer cells from co-culturing cancer cells and normal cells without the assistance of any extra targeting units, and in situ monitoring lipid droplets and endoplasmic reticulum alteration under ROS stress, as well as achieving fluorescent visualization of tumor in vivo with supremely high imaging contrast. Furthermore, the unprecedented performance on photodynamic cancer therapy is demonstrated by the significant inhibition of tumor growth. Therefore, the photoactivatable TPA-DHPy-Py with dual-organelle-targeted and excellent photodynamic activity associated with self-monitoring ability is highly promising for cancer theranostics in clinical trials. 相似文献
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