Diverse Imprecise Goal Programming Model Formulations

The goal programming (GP) model is probably the best known in mathematical programming with multiple objectives. Available in various versions, GP is one of the most powerful multiple objective methods which has been applied in much varied fields. It has also been the target of many criticisms among which are those related to the difficulty of determining precisely the goal values as well as those concerning the decision-maker's near absence in this modelling process. In this paper, we will use the concept of indifference thresholds for modelling the imprecision related to the goal values. Many classical imprecise and fuzzy GP model formulations can be considered as a particular case of the proposed formulation.     

Efficiency of Spectral-Based ADC Test Flows to Detect Static Errors

Testing of Analog-to-Digital Converters is classically composed of two successive and independent phases: the histogram-based test technique evaluating static specifications and the spectral analysis technique evaluating the dynamic performances. Consequently, the fundamental objective here is to investigate the feasibility of an alternative test flow involving exclusively spectral analysis to replace these two time consuming and expensive phases. The viability of this solution depends on the ability of spectral analysis to detect static specifications. In this context, this paper presents a new methodology based on a statistical approach to quantitatively evaluate the efficiency of detecting static errors from dynamic parameter measurements. This methodology has been implemented in an in-house automatic tool allowing one to process any ADC specifications. It is then possible to choose a priori the best test flow for a given application.     

Second Eigenvalue of Schrödinger Operators¶and Mean Curvature

Let $M$ be a compact immersed submanifold of the Euclidean space, the hyperbolic space or the standard sphere. For any continuous potential q on M, we give a sharp upper bound for the second eigenvalue of the operator −Δ+q in terms of the total mean curvature of M and the mean value of q. Moreover, we analyze the case where this bound is achieved. As a consequence of this result we obtain an alternative proof for the Alikakos–Fusco conjecture concerning the stability of the interface in the Allen–Cahn reaction diffusion model. Received: 18 June 1999 / Accepted: 6 July 1999     

Harnessing Multimode Broad-Area Laser-Diode Emission Into a Single-Lobe Diffraction- Limited Spot

A spectrally resolved phase manipulation technique external to the laser cavity is used to reshape the multimode emission of a conventional broad-area laser diode into a diffraction-limited single-lobe spot. A mode conversion efficiency of 60% with a total insertion loss of 25% has been demonstrated with conventional optical elements and a binary phase mask.     

Analyse théorique et caractérisation expérimentale ďune jonction Y intégrée utilisée comme capteur de déplacement

The coherent coupling of radiation modes in symmetric single-mode Y-junction excited by a single mode fiber is studied in this work. Using the bpm (beam propagation method) we find that the power splitting between the two outputs of the junction depends strongly on the fiber displacement with respect to the junction axis of symmetry. A GaAs/GaAlAs single mode junction is tested and the experimental measurements show a splitting ratio as high as 12 dB that could not be explained if the radiation field is neglected. The experimental results confirm the theoretical predictions that take into account the propagation of radiation modes in the structure. These results propose the structure to be used as an integrated optical displacement sensor with a sensitivity in the order of 5 dB/μm and a dynamic range within 4 to 5 μm.     

Dual-frequency single-axis laser using a lead lanthanum zirconate tantalate (PLZT) birefringent etalon for millimeter wave generation: beyond the standard limit of tunability

We demonstrate the generation of optically carried, broadly tunable, millimeter-wave signals with a dual-frequency single-axis Nd:YAG laser. A frequency difference as high as 127 GHz is reached thanks to an intracavity electro-optically tunable etalon made of lead zirconate tantalate (PLZT) ceramic. We show that the available frequency range is actually limited by the bandwidth of the amplification medium, namely, far beyond the usually accepted free spectral range value in the case of a single-axis laser. Both coarse discrete and fine continuous tunabilities are obtained with the same voltage-controlled device, opening the way to widely tunable low-phase-noise optically carried submillimeter or even terahertz sources.     

Analysis and numerical simulation of magnetic forces between rigid polygonal bodies. Part I: Analysis

The mathematical and physical analysis of magnetoelastic phenomena is a topic of ongoing research. Different formulae have been proposed to describe the magnetic forces in macroscopic systems. We discuss several of these formulae in the context of rigid magnetized bodies. In case the bodies are in contact, we consider formulae both in the framework of macroscopic electrodynamics and via a multiscale approach, i.e., in a discrete setting of magnetic dipole moments. We give mathematically rigorous proofs for domains of polygonal shape (as well as for more general geometries) in two and three space dimensions. In an accompanying second article, we investigate the formulae in a number of numerical experiments, where we focus on the dependence of the magnetic force on the distance between the bodies and on the case when the two bodies are in contact. The aim of the analysis as well as of the numerical simulation is to contribute to the ongoing debate about which formula describes the magnetic force between macroscopic bodies best and to stimulate corresponding real-life experiments.