Anomalous Phenomena in Zirconium,Hafnium, and Titanium Salt Solutions,Studied by Capillary Isotachophoresis

Capillary isotachophoresis was used to separate mixtures of solutions containing zirconium, hafnium, titanium, and aluminum salts with various anions. Anomalous phenomena occurring in separation of mixtures in solutions with medium and high concentrations are described and analyzed.     

Production of poly(chlorosulfostyrene) by synthesis in a gel

Synthesis in a gel as a method for the preparation of poly(chlorosulfostyrene) by treating polystyrene with chlorosulfonic acid was proposed, which makes it possible to obtain a polymer with a total degree of functionalization of sulfo and chlorosulfo groups up to 1.0. The possibility of regulating the degree of chlorosulfonation in the range from 50 to 100% was shown. The composition and structure of the products of polymer-analogous transformations were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry with IR identification of the decomposition products. Chlorosulfonation in the gel makes it possible to achieve a high degree of functionalization even at lower temperatures, at room temperature, and at less time than compared with known methods.     

Anomalous dependence of the vibration frequencies of a rod in an elastic medium on the rod length

We use numerical-analytic methods to study the influence of the length of a thin inhomogeneous rod on its natural frequencies and the shapes of its plane transverse vibrations. We found that the existence of an external elastic medium described by the Winkler model can lead to an anomalous effect, i.e., to an increase in the natural frequencies of the vibration lower modes as the rod length increases continuously. We discovered rather subtle properties of this phenomenon in the case of variations in the length, the mode number, and the fixation method. We separately studied vibrations for the standard boundary conditions: fixation, hinged fixation, tangential fixation, and free end. We calculated several simple examples illustrating the anomalous dependence of the frequency of the rod natural vibrations in a strongly inhomogeneous elastic medium with different boundary conditions.     

Azimuthal wave motions on the surface of a rotating fluid cylinder

Wave motions in a fluid cylinder rotating about the axis are investigated within the framework of the linear theory. The cylinder is assumed to be fairly long. This makes it possible to restrict attention to the study of the plane oscillation pattern. The fluid is assumed to be ideal and incompressible. The models in which the fluid particles are confined by gravitational (body) or/and capillary forces (surface stress forces) are considered. A mode analysis is carried out and the dispersion relations are constructed. Traveling and steady-state waves on the surface of the fluid cylinder are investigated; qualitative effects ("wave inertia") are established. Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, pp. 128–133, May–June, 1998. The work was carried out with financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No. 96-01-00221). An erratum to this article is available at .     

Structures of products of the reaction of dimethylsulfonium phenacylide with benzylidenecyanoacetamide

Benzylidenecyanoacetamide reacted with dimethylsulfonium phenacylide to form 2-benzoyl-1-cyano-3-phenylcyclopropanecarboxamide and a product of its intramolecular cyclization,viz., a derivative of 3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]hexan-2-one. The structures of the products were established by X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Analysis of the necessary condition for looping in towed systems

Institute of Fluid Mechanics, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Kiev. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 67–74, August, 1995.     

The Cauchy-Poisson problem for forced waves of finite amplitude

Using the Linshtedt-Poincaré method, Sretenskii gave an approximate solution of the Cauchy-Poisson problem for free waves of finite amplitude constructed so as to be free of secular terms [1]. In [2] the Cauchy-Poisson problem was solved by the same method, but for somewhat modified initial conditions. It would appear reasonable to generalize the results of [1] to include the case of forced waves of finite amplitude and to describe their development with time. In the present paper, in order to solve this problem the Krylov-Bogolyubov method is employed and the principal and subharmonic resonances are investigated.Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 4, pp. 116–121, July–August, 1995.     

Determination of Natural Frequencies of Internal Waves in an Essentially Inhomogeneous Fluid

The two-dimensional problem of the natural wave motions of a heavy inhomogeneous fluid confined between two absolutely rigid plane-parallel boundary surfaces is investigated. It is assumed that the fluid is stably and continuously stratified in the vertical. The motions are considered in the class of waves moving in the horizontal direction. An efficient numerical-analytic method of solving and analyzing the corresponding Sturm-Liouville problem for a coordinate function depending on the depth is proposed. A technique for constructing high-accuracy two-sided estimates of the natural frequencies of the traveling waves is developed. A recurrent accelerated-convergence scheme for the refinement of the eigenvalues (natural frequencies) and eigenfunctions (forms) of the wave motion of the fluid is proposed and tested. Two examples of stratification are calculated and the dispersion curves and the oscillation shapes are constructed.     

Method for detection of ground objects and recognition of their types from radar images of the earth surface

A method for detection of ground objects and recognition of their types against the background of the earth surface from objects’ radar images (RIs) is proposed. The method is based on a priori formation of template RIs of the objects in free space and scanning the RI of the earth surface with two types of rectangular windows. The dimensions of the window of the first type take into account the shadows of the objects, and the dimensions of the windows of the second type take into account only the outer dimensions of the objects. The results of the simulation of the detection characteristics and of the parameters of recognition of a KAMAZ truck and the control station mounted on the same chassis, which were located on a standard earth surface, are presented.